A Comprehensive Survey of the Tactile Internet: State-of-the-Art and Research Directions

Yang

IEEE Trans. Med. Robot. Bionics

2021

The emerging applications of collaborative robots (cobots) are spilling out from product manufactories to service industries for human care, such as patient care for combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and in-home care for coping with the aging society. There are urgent demands on equipping cobots with safe collaboration, immersive teleoperation, affective interaction, and other features (e.g., energy autonomy and self-learning) to make cobots capable of these application scenarios. Robot skin, as a potential enabler, is able to boost the development of cobots to address these distinguishing features from the perspective of multimodal sensing and self-contained actuation. This review introduces the potential applications of cobots for human care together with those demanded features. In addition, the explicit roles of robot skin in satisfying the escalating demands of those features on inherent safety, sensory feedback, natural interaction, and energy autonomy are analyzed. Furthermore, a comprehensive review of the recent progress in functionalized robot skin in components level, including proximity, pressure, temperature, sensory feedback, and stiffness tuning, is presented. Results show that the codesign of these sensing and actuation functionalities may enable robot skin to provide improved safety, intuitive feedback, and natural interfaces for future cobots in human care applications. Finally, open challenges and future directions in the real implementation of robot skin and its system synthesis are presented and discussed.

Section: ) Intuitive Feedback For Immersive Teleoperationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Robot Skin: A Potential Enabler for Safe Collaboration, Immersive Teleoperation, and Affective Interaction of Future Collaborative Robots

Yang

IEEE Trans. Med. Robot. Bionics

2021

“…Offloading computation-intensive tasks from such resource scarce devices to be executed distributedly across resources over various networks (Fog, Edge, Cloud), towards minimising the response time and power consumption has recently gained popularity and has been identified as a crucial technique for improving TI applications [12]. TI computation offloading frameworks must provide efficient function partitioning and offloading methods considering new device types (see section IV-D) of TI applications.…”

Section: Terminal Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Bi-directional Haptic Control in Next Generation Communication Systems: Research, Standards, and Vision

Chathura¹,

Haensge²,

Robitzsch³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Human sensing information such as audio (hearing) and visual (sight) or a combination thereof audiovisual are transferred over communication networks. Yet interacting sense of touch (haptic) and particularly the kinaesthetic (muscular movement) component has much stricter end-to-end latency communication requirements between tactile ends. The statements in this paper, to enable bi-directional haptic control, indeed follow the widely accepted understanding that edge computing is a key driver behind Tactile Internet aiming to bring control and user plane services closer to where they are needed. However, with an updated wider analysis of (pre)standardisation activities that are chartered around Tactile Internet, this paper highlights the technology gaps and recommends open research topics in this area.

“…For example, the authors of [18] present security-related challenges and sources of threats in IoT, highlighting various prospective technologies for 6G, such as blockchain. A narrower approach is to address security in specific network types, which may become a reality in 6G, such as vehicular networks [19] and 6G-enabled IoT networks [15], [20]. However, discussions of specific attacks in 6G networks in the mirror of IoT security are somewhat limited.…”

Section: Structure Of the Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, given little vision of 6G concepts at the time of the studies of [21], [22], many predictions on the security issues for next-generation networks favor referring to conventional threats such as side-channel attacks and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. Several field surveys such as security in 6G heterogeneous vehicular networks [23], tactile Internet [20], security in edge-computing-assisted IoT networks [24] indicate that ultra-high reliability and real-time protection will be key requirements of many applications in future networks. However, 6G communication models and security architecture are not explicitly included in the discussions of the surveys.…”

Section: Structure Of the Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the high heterogeneity of network structure, the appearance of new 6G applications and enabling technologies creates new challenges for security and privacy preservation. Figure 5 highlights six typical applications and six key security requirements for 5G and 6G networks, summarized from the literature [20], [28], [37], [88], [90]- [92]. Notably, besides enhancing most 5G security principles, real-time security protection and full security automation will be the two key features to appear in 6G, given the rise of many time-sensitive applications and the complexity of integrated networks.…”

Section: G Network Vision and Potential Changes Of Its Security Archi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Security and privacy for 6G: A survey on prospective technologies and challenges

Nguyen,

Lin,

Cheng

et al. 2021

Preprint

Sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks will have to cope with diverse threats on a space-air-ground integrated network environment, novel technologies, and an accessible user information explosion. However, for now, security and privacy issues for 6G remain largely in concept. This survey provides a systematic overview of security and privacy issues based on prospective technologies for 6G in the physical, connection, and service layers, as well as through lessons learned from the failures of existing security architectures and state-of-the-art defenses.Two key lessons learned are as follows. First, other than inheriting vulnerabilities from the previous generations, 6G has new threat vectors from new radio technologies, such as the exposed location of radio stripes in ultra-massive MIMO systems at Terahertz bands and attacks against pervasive intelligence. Second, physical layer protection, deep network slicing, quantum-safe communications, artificial intelligence (AI) security, platform-agnostic security, real-time adaptive security, and novel data protection mechanisms such as distributed ledgers and differential privacy are the top promising techniques to mitigate the attack magnitude and personal data breaches substantially.