A Comprehensive Survey on Internet of Things (IoT) Toward 5G Wireless Systems

Mechanical contention (MC) is a restrictive, vital but controversial measure, prescribed in the majority of EU countries to handle patients with psycho-motor agitation that do not respond to other types of intervention, with an imminent risk of physical violence and aggression involved. This last resort approach implies risks for the somatic health of the contained individual that go from trauma injuries to, in some extreme cases, sudden death. Despite these risks, somatic supervision and the monitoring of patients under MC is limited, being periodically and manually carried out by nursing personnel with portable equipment. In this context, ensuring continuous monitoring using fully automated equipment is an uncovered yet urgent need. There are several devices already in the market capable of monitoring vital signs, but they are not specifically designed for these type of patients and they can be expensive and/or difficult to integrate with other systems from a software perspective. The work described in this paper gives answers to these necessities with the introduction of a low-cost system, targeted at psychiatric patients, for the acquisition and wireless transmission in real-time of physiological parameters, making use of micro-controllers for collecting and processing sensor data, and WiFi technology to upload the information to the server where a patient’s profile with all the relevant vital parameters resides. In addition to data collection and processing, an application aimed at use by nursing staff has also been developed to raise alerts in case any critical condition is detected.

Section: System Specificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Smart Band for Automatic Supervision of Restrained Patients in a Hospital Environment

Múñiz

González

Martínez

et al. 2020

“…The advent of 5G systems demands among other requirements the use of new spectral bands, given in Frequency Range 1 (FR1, below 6 GHz) and Frequency Range 2 (FR2, above 6 GHz). Operation within these spectral bands is given as a function of diverse applications, such as vehicular connectivity or ultra-dense network deployments within IoT scenarios [ 14 , 15 ]. Characterization of urban environments for 5G systems, in the mmWave bands, has been proposed with a limited set of RT-based approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifth-Generation (5G) mmWave Spatial Channel Characterization for Urban Environments’ System Analysis

Azpilicueta

López-Iturri

Zuñiga-Mejia

et al. 2020

In this work, the channel characterization in terms of large-scale propagation, small-scale propagation, statistical and interference analysis of Fifth-Generation (5G) Millimeter Wave (mmWave) bands for wireless networks for 28, 30 and 60 GHz is presented in both an outdoor urban complex scenario and an indoor scenario, in order to consider a multi-functional, large node-density 5G network operation. An in-house deterministic Three-Dimensional Ray-Launching (3D-RL) code has been used for that purpose, considering all the material properties of the obstacles within the scenario at the frequency under analysis, with the aid of purpose-specific implemented mmWave simulation modules. Different beamforming radiation patterns of the transmitter antenna have been considered, emulating a 5G system operation. Spatial interference analysis as well as time domain characteristics have been retrieved as a function of node location and configuration.

“…The growth of wireless networks and the proliferation of mobile devices in all contexts of human social life are facilitating the implementation of initiatives in which objects and people are connected. More recently, 5G networks have increased in response speed, transfer speed, data bandwidth, and wireless coverage throughout the whole populated territory on earth [1,2]. In this context, it is key to train engineers with the capabilities to develop systems that combine people, networks, and real-world objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knowing how much weight the pot has before starting to water, and how much weight the pot has when the water begins to overflow, the students were able to design a system to stop watering. ; (2) Manage the evolution of the plant mass of the planter. The plant grows inside and outside the pot as time passes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fostering Environmental Awareness with Smart IoT Planters in Campuses

Tabuenca

Garcia-Alcantara

Gilarranz-Casado

et al. 2020

The decrease in the cost of sensors during the last years, and the arrival of the 5th generation of mobile technology will greatly benefit Internet of Things (IoT) innovation. Accordingly, the use of IoT in new agronomic practices might be a vital part for improving soil quality, optimising water usage, or improving the environment. Nonetheless, the implementation of IoT systems to foster environmental awareness in educational settings is still unexplored. This work addresses the educational need to train students on how to design complex sensor-based IoT ecosystems. Hence, a Project-Based-Learning approach is followed to explore multidisciplinary learning processes implementing IoT systems that varied in the sensors, actuators, microcontrollers, plants, soils and irrigation system they used. Three different types of planters were implemented, namely, hydroponic system, vertical garden, and rectangular planters. This work presents three key contributions that might help to improve teaching and learning processes. First, a holistic architecture describing how IoT ecosystems can be implemented in higher education settings is presented. Second, the results of an evaluation exploring teamwork performance in multidisciplinary groups is reported. Third, alternative initiatives to promote environmental awareness in educational contexts (based on the lessons learned) are suggested. The results of the evaluation show that multidisciplinary work including students from different expertise areas is highly beneficial for learning as well as on the perception of quality of the work obtained by the whole group. These conclusions rekindle the need to encourage work in multidisciplinary teams to train engineers for Industry 4.0 in Higher Education.