A comprehensive survey on mobile data offloading in heterogeneous network

Abstract

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are special kind of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), where vehicles communicate with each other in ad hoc formation. VANETs consist of Vehicles and Road Side Units (RSUs) that assist in the network management. Vehicles communicate with each other and RSUs, with the aim to provide infotainment and safety services on road. Security is an important consideration in VANETs as safety of humans (passengers) is an important issue. Vehicular Public Key Infrastructure (VPKI) is an adapted form of PKI used to achieve the key management and security services in VANETs. Certificate generation and revocation is one of the primary functions of VPKI. Certificate revocation is used for revoking the malicious nodes and terminate its access rights to the network. In this paper we classify revocation schemes in a novel way into centralized and decentralized manners. This paper covers a survey of different certificate revocation schemes, and provides an overview of the research in the area of certificate revocation in VANETs.

Data offloading in IoT environments: modeling, analysis, and verification

“…Over 78% of this mobile traffic will be video by 2021. With the emergence of more and more data-intensive applications, such as high-density video files download, and IoT, which is collecting thousands of tuples of data per second, the cellular networks are under pressure trying to cope with this unprecedented data overload [3,4,10,16]. Therefore, to address these challenges, several mobile data offloading schemes have been proposed in the literature to reduce the burden on backhaul links, and are generally categorized into (a) infrastructure-based (e.g., [17][18][19][20][21]), and (b) opportunistic-based offloading schemes (e.g., [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]).…”

“…3. For a detailed description of transitions involved, the reader is advised to refer to (14), (15), (16), and (17) in Appendix. The Ready transition indicates that the node is ready to initiate a connection with any other node in the network that enters into the transmission range of current node.…”

“…Using the network information available about nodes and messages in R _ Info, the system computes the CD-and ICT-based utilities (see Section 3.2) of the messages using the transitions C _ CD and C _ ICT, respectively, and store the utilities in the places CD and ICT. The details of the transitions C _ CD and C _ ICT are mentioned in (15) and (16) of Appendix. The node CI begins replicating messages to CN with the conditional firing of transition Rel that makes use of aforementioned computed utilities and the information stored in R _ Info to perform conditional replication.…”

“…In (15) and (16), the information on the nodes and messages is extracted to CD and ICT from R _ Info, and the functions Comp _ CD and Comp _ ICT are used to compute the CD-and ICT-based utilities. The computed utilities of the communicating nodes with the destinations of the remaining messages in the ML of the CI are recorded in CD and ICT.…”

“…The replication process is instantiated in (17), aided by the information on the communicating nodes, messages, and the utilities, made available at R _ Info through (14), (15), and (16). The MLs and buffers of the communicating nodes are accessed from Msg _ L and Buff, through the functions M _ L and Avlbl _ Buff, respectively.…”