A comprehensive survey on the cold metal transfer process in welding similar and dissimilar materials and for cladding

Abstract

The growing use of aluminum in a variety of industries is driving technologists to create practical and effective techniques and processes for joining aluminum alloys. The main aim of this artifact is to critically review and examine the maturity of welding for comparable and differing materials and also for cladding using Cold Metal Transfer. CMT, which stands for Cold Metal Transfer in the acronym, is a modified MIG welding technique. The CMT and its modes are used in similar and dissimilar welding of Al as well as its alloys of 2xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx series, and with other materials is discussed in detail and compared with other joining methods. The recent advancements in this field with enhanced mechanical properties of Al alloys, as well as high-performance welding techniques, are discussed in this article. The mechanical and microstructural properties of weld like weld strength, microhardness, corrosion behavior, surface morphology, ductility, and fracture mechanism were used to assess the efficiency of the weld. The following aspects of weld bead surface consistency are investigated in terms of bead uniformity along the welding path, bead surface smoothness, and spattering strength. The effort is made to conclude the welding system which is free from all welding flaws, like gas porosity, spattering, and intermetallic formation, resulting in welded joints with the highest mechanical properties. CMT as an advanced welding approach has gained a significant attraction from researchers in investigating it for the cladding process. The geometric and microstructural properties of a clad-like microhardness assessment, and corrosion resistance analyses were used to evaluate the applicability of CMT in the cladding process.

Multicriteria decision-making for optimization of welding parameters in cold metal transfer and pulse metal-inert gas weld bead of AA2099-T86 alloy using CRITIC and ROV methods

“…In recent days, cold metal transfer (CMT) based on metal-inert gas (MIG) welding has had greater importance for welding aluminum alloys owing to stable arc, low heat input, low spatter and high gap bridging (Selvi et al. , 2021; Shanker and Wattal, 2022). The efficiency of welded structures depends on the fabrication quality of the joint without defects.…”

“…Third-generation Al-Li-based alloys replace conventional Al alloys due to their excellent mechanical properties such as toughness, stiffness and high specific strength and anticorrosion ability, suitable for manufacturing aircraft and automotive parts and construction components (Alam and Sinha, 2019;Ali et al, 2018;Hajjioui et al, 2023;Xiao et al, 2020). In recent days, cold metal transfer (CMT) based on metal-inert gas (MIG) welding has had greater importance for welding aluminum alloys owing to stable arc, low heat input, low spatter and high gap bridging (Selvi et al, 2021;Shanker and Wattal, 2022). The efficiency of welded structures depends on the fabrication quality of the joint without defects.…”

Effect of heat input on the hazardous gas emissions from galvanized steel during cold metal transfer welding

“…Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) welding is an emerging technique developed by Fronius, which offers several advantages to fabricating ferrous and non-ferrous metal joints because of its precise process control and less hazardous gas emission. 1–5 This method is best suited for joining thin sheets using a stabilized metal transfer technique with low heat input. Arc length is controlled by a high-speed digital control system using an innovative wire feed mechanism to create sound joints.…”