A comprehensive tool for efficient design and operation of polygeneration-based energy μgrids serving a cluster of buildings. Part I: Description of the method

Piacentino, Antonio; Barbaro, Chiara; Cardona, Fabio; Gallea, Roberto; Cardona, E.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.11.078

Cited by 58 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The present study uses tariffs currently applicable to the West Village, which are fixed by time of day, day of the week, and season. The effect of real-time market pricing and several algorithms and methodologies for an automated energy management system for distributed generation, have been described in recent literature and could be extended to include the present study in the future [23][24][25][26]. Nonetheless, the existing rate structures employed in this paper are representative of current tariff structures and demonstrate the importance of smart-scheduling for NEM homes or apartments anywhere.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Current Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of scheduling appliances and rate structure on bill savings for net-zero energy communities: Application to West Village

Gaiser

Stroeve

2014

Applied Energy

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Appliance time-of-use in a net-zero energy apartment was shifted to offpeak hours. Net-metered residents were not charged for consuming more than they produced. Residents accrued twice as many credits by shifting heavy-duty appliances.For some rate structures it is only beneficial to schedule between May and October. Electrically heated homes accrued more credits than those using a heat pump.g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tThis paper investigates the financial incentives of load shifting under a time-of-use rate and Net Energy Metering pertaining to the solar net-zero energy apartment community, West Village in Davis, California. By ''smart-scheduling'' the electricity and domestic hot water demand of the dishwasher, clothes washer, dryer, sinks and showers solely to off-peak periods, the peak demand is reduced by 18%, the part-peak demand by 32% and the off-peak demand increased by 12%. With this shifted schedule customers accrue twice as many credits as they would receive under a non-shifted schedule with the same time-of-use rate, totaling to $2975 of ''free'' electricity per year for one 12 unit building. But, under current rates smart-scheduling is found to be worthwhile only during the months from May through October, when 96% of the credits are accumulated. If the rate schedule is altered to include peak-periods during the winter months, the credit savings will double again in value. These comparisons are prepared using two photovoltaic simulation programs (PolySun by Vela Solaris and System Advisory Model by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory) and for apartments using an electric heater and a heat pump for domestic hot water. By quantifying these savings, PV generating customers are informed that a time-of-use rate can benefit them significantly, especially if the surplus generation is maximized and sold to the grid during peak day time hours. With this information, housing developers can create effective incentives for residents, and utility companies, policy makers and designers of smart-scheduling household appliances can encourage a more reliable, clean and economical national grid.

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Section: Limitations Of the Current Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of scheduling appliances and rate structure on bill savings for net-zero energy communities: Application to West Village

Gaiser

Stroeve

2014

Applied Energy

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“…However, the influence of the size of the primary and auxiliary cooling plant is not investigated. Piacentino et al [6] investigate the design of trigeneration plants serving clusters of buildings through the development of an optimisation algorithm targeting the net present value of the plant and applied the new algorithm to a cluster of four buildings taking into account local energy prices and tax exemptions [7]. In later work they carried out a sensitivity analysis to investigate the effects of tax exemption for the fuel consumed by CHP in trigeneration plants, observing an increase in tax exemption encouraged a larger optimal size of the cogeneration unit and the absorption cycle chiller but also increased the amount of heat annually wasted as consequence [13].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The control strategy adopted is largely dependent on economics which, in turn, will depend on local fuel prices, any government incentives and tax exemptions, etc. [6,7]. For instance, a trigeneration economic analysis by Mago and Chamra [8] concluded in favour of a heat-led and a hybrid heat/power-led strategy on economic grounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scheduling of Multiple Chillers in Trigeneration Plants

Underwood

Yik³

2015

Energies

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Abstract:The scheduling of both absorption cycle and vapour compression cycle chillers in trigeneration plants is investigated in this work. Many trigeneration plants use absorption cycle chillers only but there are potential performance advantages to be gained by using a combination of absorption and compression chillers especially in situations where the building electrical demand to be met by the combined heat and power (CHP) plant is variable. Simulation models of both types of chillers are developed together with a simple model of a variable-capacity CHP engine developed by curve-fitting to supplier's data. The models are linked to form an optimisation problem in which the contribution of both chiller types is determined at a maximum value of operating cost (or carbon emission) saving. Results show that an optimum operating condition arises at moderately high air conditioning demands and moderately low power demand when the air conditioning demand is shared between both chillers, all recovered heat is utilised, and the contribution arising from the compression chiller results in an increase in CHP power generation and, hence, engine efficiency.

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“…The tool has been presented in details in [29]; then, examining in detail all of its features and the procedure followed to derive the embedded cost and performance figures for plant components is out of the scope of the present section. Conversely, only some fundamental aspects will be here briefly outlined, so as to allow for a more intuitive interpretation of the results presented in the next sections.…”

Section: Fundamental Features Of the Deterministic Chcp Optimization mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optimal value of the aforementioned variables is obtained by a MILP algorithm, solved by efficient LINDO API 8.0 routines [30]; although a linear formulation of the problem could seemingly affect the reliability of results, it has been proven to achieve efficient solutions and with a moderate consumption of computational resources [29]. The optimization routine assumes as objective function the Net Present Cost (NPC) or, equivalently, the Net Present Value (NPV) of the investment (which is the negative of the Net Present Cost).…”

Section: Variables and Objective Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Reliability of Optimization Results for Trigeneration Systems in Buildings, in the Presence of Price Uncertainties and Erroneous Load Estimation

et al. 2016

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Cogeneration and trigeneration plants are widely recognized as promising technologies for increasing energy efficiency in buildings. However, their overall potential is scarcely exploited, due to the difficulties in achieving economic viability and the risk of investment related to uncertainties in future energy loads and prices. Several stochastic optimization models have been proposed in the literature to account for uncertainties, but these instruments share in a common reliance on user-defined probability functions for each stochastic parameter. Being such functions hard to predict, in this paper an analysis of the influence of erroneous estimation of the uncertain energy loads and prices on the optimal plant design and operation is proposed. With reference to a hotel building, a number of realistic scenarios is developed, exploring all the most frequent errors occurring in the estimation of energy loads and prices. Then, profit-oriented optimizations are performed for the examined scenarios, by means of a deterministic mixed integer linear programming algorithm. From a comparison between the achieved results, it emerges that: (i) the plant profitability is prevalently influenced by the average "spark-spread" (i.e., ratio between electricity and fuel price) and, secondarily, from the shape of the daily price profiles; (ii) the "optimal sizes" of the main components are scarcely influenced by the daily load profiles, while they are more strictly related with the average "power to heat" and "power to cooling" ratios of the building.

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A comprehensive tool for efficient design and operation of polygeneration-based energy μgrids serving a cluster of buildings. Part I: Description of the method

Cited by 58 publications

References 33 publications

The impact of scheduling appliances and rate structure on bill savings for net-zero energy communities: Application to West Village

The impact of scheduling appliances and rate structure on bill savings for net-zero energy communities: Application to West Village

Scheduling of Multiple Chillers in Trigeneration Plants

On the Reliability of Optimization Results for Trigeneration Systems in Buildings, in the Presence of Price Uncertainties and Erroneous Load Estimation

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