A compression-based text steganography method

Şatır, Esra; Işık, Hakan

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2012.05.027

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Capacity ratio and complexity of the proposed method are improvements of the previous e-mail environment based text steganography methods [1][2][3][4] in terms of complexity. Reasonable capacity was obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In [1], [2], Satir and Isik used email to be the cover of the secret data. Sending same e-mail to many recipients were the key idea of their studies.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There may not be a proper method to validate whether the email address of each recipient is valid but sending an email to the respective address. In those papers [1], [2], email addresses are used to hide the stego keys, regardless they are valid addresses or not [3]. In [3] the authors proposed improvement of the study [2], such as the randomity of the generated email addresses.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Step1. Construct difference matrix D in order to select most suitable or relevant text from the T. the D is calculated by having difference of index of last matched symbol of S with current index of match symbol in T iteratively except for the first symbol of S as in case of first symbol, the last symbol index is 0 as in [1,2,3,4]. Step2.…”

Section: Embedding Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

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New Approach in E-mail Based Text Steganography

Tutuncu¹,

Hassan²

2015

Int J Intell Syst Appl Eng

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Abstract:In this study combination of lossless compression techniques and Vigenere cipher was used in the e-mail based text steganography. It makes use of email addresses to be the keys to embed/to extract the secret message into/from the email text (cover text). After selecting the cover text that has highest repetition pattern regarding to the secret message the distance matrix was formed. The members of distance matrix were compressed by following lossless compression algorithms as in written sequence; Run Length Encoding (RLE) + Burrows Wheeler Transform (BWT) + Move to Front (MTF) + Run Length Encoding (RLE) + Arithmetic Encoding (ARI). Later on Latin Square was used to form stego key 1and then Vigenere cipher was used to increase complexity of extracting stego key 1. Final step was to choose e-mail addresses by using stego key 1 (K1) and stego key 2 (K2) to embed secret message into forward email platform. The experimental results showed that proposed method has reasonable performance in terms of capacity and also higher security in terms of complexity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In [1], [2], Satir and Isik used email to be the cover of the secret data. Sending same e-mail to many recipients were the key idea of their studies.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Embedding Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

New Approach in E-mail Based Text Steganography

Tutuncu¹,

Hassan²

2015

Int J Intell Syst Appl Eng

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“…Security (detect ability), robustness and secrecy (difficulty of extraction) [12] are most obvious measures according to the function of steganography. The most popular qualified measure is hiding capacity [7] [12]. Capacity is also the measurement for robustness and limited by security [12].…”

Section: Steganography Methods and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hiding Information as Main Content Use a Referential Method

Ren¹,

Fu²

2017

IJHIT

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Problems of detect ability and capacity are two major challenges of steganography. Traditional methods often hide secret message in least significant bits which can cause low capacity. The secret bits may be ignored by men but detectable for machines. This paper introduced a referential method which needs no cover image. In this method, secret message is ciphered using a cipher graph and written to an empty graph to form a figure.The method provides good concealment to both the secret message and the existence of the secret message. The capacity of the method is bigger than many traditional stego methods too.

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Text steganography: a novel character‐level embedding algorithm using font attribute

Krishnan

Thandra

Srinivasula

2016

Security Comm Networks

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Text Steganography uses text documents as cover medium to communicate the secret messages, covertly, by making unnoticeable distortions in the cover medium. Character-Level Embedding Technique (CLET), a variant of text steganography, embeds a secret character by serially marking/distorting an identical character in the cover medium. Hence, these techniques suffer from low embedding capacity as the occurrence of certain alphabets in a text document is not uniform/guaranteed. In addition, identification of the marked cover character itself can reveal the hidden secret. This makes the CLET a less preferable choice. To overcome the aforementioned shortcomings, this paper proposes a novel CLET by introducing the Frequency Normalization Set in combination with the Character and String Mapping. The combination allows a low occurring character to get embedded in several cover characters, and thereby boosts its embedding probability. In addition, the combination also ensures the uniform embedding probability of secret characters. A font attribute called the character spacing is used to embed the secret. Experiments were conducted to investigate the embedding capacity, uniformity in embedding probability and frequency profile of stego characters of the proposed method. A comparison of the proposed method with the existing CLET algorithms is also provided. Various applications and the security aspects of the proposed method have also been discussed.

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A compression-based text steganography method

Cited by 54 publications

References 13 publications

New Approach in E-mail Based Text Steganography

New Approach in E-mail Based Text Steganography

Hiding Information as Main Content Use a Referential Method

Text steganography: a novel character‐level embedding algorithm using font attribute

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