A computational fluid dynamics study by conjugate heat transfer in OpenFOAM: A liquid cooling concept for high power electronics

Laitinen, Alpo; Saari, Kari; Kukko, Kirsi; Peltonen, Petteri; Laurila, Erkki; Partanen, Jouni; Vuorinen, Ville

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2020.108654

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…He urged a more detailed analysis of this flow along with its thermal transmission characteristics under low Reynolds number. In his research, he implemented a stamping process in the flow channels with the required range of Reynolds numbers to produce dimples and protrusions 7–10 . This technology of channel with the reduced flow is useful to extract heat from these micro‐devices 11 because of its high volume surface and large convective coefficient 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of the thermo‐hydraulic performance of water‐based nanofluids in a dimpled channel flow using Al₂O₃, CuO, and hybrid Al₂O₃–CuO as nanoparticles

Ahmed¹,

Abir

Fuad³

et al. 2021

Heat Trans

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In this study, the authors study the impact of spherical dimple surfaces and nanofluid coolants on heat transfer and pressure drop. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the thermal performance of nanofluids with respect to different Reynolds numbers (Re) and nanoparticle compositions in dimpled channel flow. Water‐based nanofluids with Al 2 O 3, CuO, and Al 2 O 3–CuO nanoparticles are considered for this investigation with 1%, 2%, and 4% volume fraction for each nanofluid. The simulations are conducted at low Reynolds numbers varying from 500 to 1250, assuming constant and uniform heat flux. The effective properties of nanofluids are estimated using models proposed in the literature and are combined with the computational fluid dynamics solver ANSYS Fluent for the analysis. The results are discussed in terms of heat transfer coefficient, temperature distributions, pressure drop, Nusselt number, friction factors, and performance criterion for all the cases. For all cases of different nanoparticle compositions, the heat transfer coefficient was seen as 35%–46% higher for the dimpled channel in comparison with the smooth channel. Besides, it was observed that with increasing volume fraction, the values of heat transfer and pressure drop were increased. With a maximum of 25.18% increase in the thermal performance, the 1% Al 2 O 3/water was found to be the best performing nanofluid at Re = 500 in the dimpled channel flow.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of the thermo‐hydraulic performance of water‐based nanofluids in a dimpled channel flow using Al₂O₃, CuO, and hybrid Al₂O₃–CuO as nanoparticles

Ahmed¹,

Abir

Fuad³

et al. 2021

Heat Trans

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“…Similar strategy has been used extensively in previous studies by the group e.g. in heat transfer 34,35 and chemically reactive flow 36 applications. Gradient terms at the cell faces are calculated with a second order central scheme with an explicit correction for mesh non-orthogonality 37 .…”

Section: Please Cite This Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study of bubbly flow in a swirl atomizer

et al. 2020

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In the present work, we extend our previous research on swirl nozzles by introducing bubbles at the nozzle inlet. A large-scale hollow cone pressure-swirl atomizer is studied using scale-resolving simulations. The present flow conditions target a Reynolds number range of 600 ≤ Re ≤ 910 and gas-to-total volumetric flow rate ratios between 0.07 ≤ β ≤ 0.33 with β = 0 as an experimental and computational reference. The computational setup has relevance to high-viscosity bio-fuel injection processes. Flow rate ratio and bubble diameter sweeps are carried out to study their effect on the inner-nozzle flow and the liquid film characteristics outside the nozzle. The present flow system is shown to pose highly versatile physics including bubble coalescence, bubble-vortex interaction, and faster liquid film destabilization relative to β = 0 case. The main results are as follows. (1) β is found to have a significant effect on the bimodal bubble volume probability density function (PDF) inside the swirl chamber. Also, the total resolved interfacial area of the near-orifice liquid film increases with β. (2) At representative value of β = 0.2, the exact bubble size at the inlet is observed to have only a minor effect on the swirl chamber flow and liquid film characteristics. (3) The bubble-free (β = 0) and bubbly (β > 0) flows differ in terms of effective gas core diameter, core intermittency features, and spray uniformity. The quantitative analysis implies that bubble inclusion at the inlet affects global liquid film characteristics with relevance to atomization.

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“…For the CFD investigations, the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) and Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) were utilized [9,33]. In the air cooling simulations, the target was to solve the Navier-Stokes equations along with a transport equation for temperature using the standard, incompressible pimpleFoam solver of the open source CFD code OpenFOAM.…”

Section: Computational Fluid Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 13b shows the inlet temperature of the cooling water as a function of the mass flow rate that maintains the heat exchangers' heated surface temperatures at 65 • C. The serial and parallel configurations indicate whether the heat exchangers (inside) of the 5GP would be connected in series or in parallel to cool all the four radios. The highest allowed inlet water temperature for the serial and parallel configurations of liquid cooling heat exchanger is based on the assumption that the temperature difference between the inlet water and the heated surface is independent of the absolute temperature-based on the mass flow rate sensitivity analysis that has confirmed the independency of transfer performance on the inlet Reynolds number [33]. Furthermore, the functionality of the heat exchanger was tested experimentally, and the measured surface temperatures were in a good agreement with the CFD results.…”

Section: Thermal Management and Multiple Radio Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe and Sustainable Design of Composite Smart Poles for Wireless Technologies

et al. 2020

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The multiplicity of targets of the 5G and further future technologies, set by the modern societies and industry, lacks the establishment of design methods for the highly multidisciplinary application of wireless platforms for small cells. Constraints are set by the overall energy concept, structural safety and sustainability. Various Smart poles and Light poles exist but it is challenging to define the design drivers especially for a composite load-carrying structure. In this study, the design drivers of a composite 5G smart pole are determined and the connecting design between finite element modelling (FEM), signal penetration and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for thermal analysis are reported as an interdisciplinary process. The results emphasize the significant effects of thermal loading on the material selection. The physical architecture, including various cutouts, is manipulated by the needs of the mmW radios, structural safety and the societal preferences of sustainable city planning, i.e., heat management and aesthetic reasons. Finally, the paint thickness and paint type must be optimized due to radome-integrated radios. In the future, sustainability regulations and realized business models will define the cost-structure and the response by customers.

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A computational fluid dynamics study by conjugate heat transfer in OpenFOAM: A liquid cooling concept for high power electronics

Cited by 36 publications

References 28 publications

Numerical investigation of the thermo‐hydraulic performance of water‐based nanofluids in a dimpled channel flow using Al₂O₃, CuO, and hybrid Al₂O₃–CuO as nanoparticles

Numerical investigation of the thermo‐hydraulic performance of water‐based nanofluids in a dimpled channel flow using Al₂O₃, CuO, and hybrid Al₂O₃–CuO as nanoparticles

Numerical study of bubbly flow in a swirl atomizer

Safe and Sustainable Design of Composite Smart Poles for Wireless Technologies

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A computational fluid dynamics study by conjugate heat transfer in OpenFOAM: A liquid cooling concept for high power electronics

Cited by 36 publications

References 28 publications

Numerical investigation of the thermo‐hydraulic performance of water‐based nanofluids in a dimpled channel flow using Al2O3, CuO, and hybrid Al2O3–CuO as nanoparticles

Numerical investigation of the thermo‐hydraulic performance of water‐based nanofluids in a dimpled channel flow using Al2O3, CuO, and hybrid Al2O3–CuO as nanoparticles

Numerical study of bubbly flow in a swirl atomizer

Safe and Sustainable Design of Composite Smart Poles for Wireless Technologies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Numerical investigation of the thermo‐hydraulic performance of water‐based nanofluids in a dimpled channel flow using Al₂O₃, CuO, and hybrid Al₂O₃–CuO as nanoparticles

Numerical investigation of the thermo‐hydraulic performance of water‐based nanofluids in a dimpled channel flow using Al₂O₃, CuO, and hybrid Al₂O₃–CuO as nanoparticles