A Computational Study of Stentering Process of 3D Mesh Fabric

Zheng, Fei; Liu, Xia; Huang, Jing; Yan-pin, Liu

doi:10.1007/s10443-023-10103-1

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 21 publications

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“…Three-dimensional (3D) mesh fabrics are special warp-knitted spacer fabrics with two meshed outer layers, [1][2][3] as shown in Figure 1. The unique 3D mesh structure endows the fabric not only with good compression resistance and resilience, but also with excellent ventilation even under compression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element modeling of spherical indentation behavior of 3D mesh fabric at the yarn level

Zheng,

Chen,

Liu

2023

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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This paper reports an experimental and numerical study on the spherical indentation behavior of three-dimensional (3D) warp-knitted mesh fabrics. A full-size finite element (FE) model of a typical 3D mesh fabric is established at the yarn level based on the realistic monofilament architecture from micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanning and verified with experiments. The structural change of the fabric in the spherical indentation process is quantitatively analyzed in terms of fabric global deformation, local deformation, mesh deformation, and spacer monofilament deformation from the FE simulation. The numerical results show that the fabric shrinks walewise and expands coursewise from the spherical indentation of the continuous intermeshed monofilament architecture, showing counterintuitive partial auxeticity. The coursewise symmetry and walewise asymmetry of the 3D mesh fabric produce relatively symmetrical coursewise deformation and asymmetrical walewise deformation under spherical indentation. The symmetrical coursewise deformation includes even widening, good fitting of the indenter, and almost identical mesh sizes in the coursewise direction. Walewise asymmetry leads to uneven shortening, inferior fitting of the indenter, and considerably varied mesh sizes in the walewise direction. Spacer monofilaments in different positions relative to the spherical indenter have different deformations. The closer to the indenter, the greater bending and twisting of the spacer monofilament. The spacer monofilament knitted earlier of the tested fabric has smaller deformation than that knitted later due to the walewise asymmetry. The coursewise symmetry and walewise asymmetry of the inhomogeneous 3D mesh fabric structure result in a highly nonlinear spherical indentation behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element modeling of spherical indentation behavior of 3D mesh fabric at the yarn level

Zheng,

Chen,

Liu

2023

Journal of Industrial Textiles

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Interpreting compression resistance and resilience of spacer fabrics with morphological and mechanical changes of different polymeric spacer monofilaments

He,

Fu,

Huang

et al. 2024

Textile Research Journal

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Customization of spacer fabrics to have the desired compression resistance and resilience is critical to promote their technical applications. The compression properties are mainly determined by the mechanical features of monofilaments used as spacer yarns. This study investigates the compression properties of spacer fabrics knitted with different polymeric monofilaments by analyzing their compression stress at 40% strain, residual strain, and energy absorption from cyclic compression tests. The monofilaments in the fabrics before and after cyclic compression were unraveled to test their tensile properties and morphologies for interpreting their different fabric compression properties. It was found that knitting monofilaments substantially alters their macroscopic and/or microscopic structures, thereby affecting the mechanical behavior of spacer monofilaments, and having different fabric structures and compression properties. Knitting polyethylene terephthalate monofilament damages the mesophase and induces a two-thirds decline in Young's modulus, while knitting polyamide 6 and polybutylene terephthalate monofilaments largely alters the macrostructures but maintains their good resilience. Spacer fabrics knitted with stiffer polyethylene terephthalate monofilaments have superior compression resistance but inferior compression resilience, while those knitted with softer and more resilient polyamide 6 and polybutylene terephthalate monofilaments have better compression resilience. Polyethylene monofilament is not suitable for spacer fabrics because of its low Young's modulus and poor tensile resilience. Polyethylene terephthalate spacer fabrics have the best compression resistance–resilience balance in terms of compression stress at 40% strain and residual strain in the fourth cycle required by the standard EN ISO 3386-1, while polyamide 6 and polybutylene terephthalate monofilaments are more suitable for long-term service due to their high compression resistance and resilience.

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Yarn-level numerical simulation based on micro-CT reconstruction for the stentering process of warp-knitted three-dimensional mesh fabric

Zheng,

Liu

2024

Textile Research Journal

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Three-dimensional mesh fabrics of one-piece spacer structure are an essential component of automotive seat ventilation systems due to their excellent cushion and ventilation performance. The mesh structure is manufactured by stretching across the width of as-knitted structure with closed surfaces in a coupled thermo-mechanical stentering and heat-setting process. This paper presents a numerical study to examine the effect of stentering on the mesh structure and yarn architecture of a typical three-dimensional mesh fabric by establishing a finite element model based on micro X-ray computed tomography reconstruction at the yarn level. The finite element model is verified with the global and local deformation of the mesh during the stentering process. The evolution of the yarn architecture in the stentering process is demonstrated and quantitatively analyzed in terms of curvature and torsion. Three-dimensional mesh fabrics of different mesh sizes and thicknesses after stentering at different ratios are also simulated to study their compression properties. The numerical and experimental results showed that stentering opens the meshes and simultaneously shortens, widens and thins the fabric. The meshes are unevenly distributed across the width, and the intermediate meshes are more open and uniform than the two selvage meshes. To obtain a three-dimensional mesh fabric with uniform and symmetrical meshes, the as-knitted fabric should be stretched coursewise to be wider than 2 times and narrower than 2.6 times its initial width. Stentering disperses, lengthens, tilts, bends and twists the spacer monofilaments, thereby broadening the compression plateau stage and decreasing the compression resistance.

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A Computational Study of Stentering Process of 3D Mesh Fabric

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Finite element modeling of spherical indentation behavior of 3D mesh fabric at the yarn level

Finite element modeling of spherical indentation behavior of 3D mesh fabric at the yarn level

Interpreting compression resistance and resilience of spacer fabrics with morphological and mechanical changes of different polymeric spacer monofilaments

Yarn-level numerical simulation based on micro-CT reconstruction for the stentering process of warp-knitted three-dimensional mesh fabric

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