“…Several computational studies have been reported in the literature for evaluating the influence of heat sink effect caused by large blood vessels by coupling the additional fluid flow model (i.e. Navier-Stokes equations) to the existing bio-electromagnetic and bioheat transfer models of thermal ablation (Chaichanyut and Tungjitkusolmun, 2016, Haemmerich et al, 2003, Horng et al, 2007, Huang, 2013, Jain and Wolf, 2000, Rossmann et al, 2012, Wang et al, 2016, Zorbas and Samaras, 2015, Khademi et al, 2019, Shao et al, 2017a, Shao et al, 2017c. Importantly, in these studies, the blood vessel is incorporated by including a cylinder or a vascular tree within the computational domain, either derived from the patient image data or selected arbitrarily.…”