A Computationally Efficient Continuous Model for the Modular Multilevel Converter

“…The DEM model was simplified further in [6,12,13] by not considering each SM separately and therefore assuming that the all of the SM capacitor voltages are perfectly balanced. This simplification enables these types of models to simulate faster than a DEM.…”

Section: Introduction He Demand For Voltage Source Converter (Vsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Accuracy Average Value Models of Modular Multilevel Converters

Beddard

Sheridan

Barnes

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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“…• Average arm SFM (AVM): This model incorporates the switching effect by utilizing a discrete set of values for the insertion index using module level modulation, which improves accuracy [22,23] Moreover, further simplified models for MMC have been proposed in the literature [19][20][21][22]31,[107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118]. The works in [19][20][21][22] extend the classical average modeling technique for 2/3-level converters [119] to MMC and represent its terminal dynamics using controlled sources; [107,[111][112][113][114]120] present enhanced versions of this model that incorporate the blocked state of operation for DC fault simulations and/or consider the effects of distributed submodule capacitor voltage ripple in MMC's terminal dynamics.…”

Section: Average Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isolated submodule model has been validated in [90,122]. The works in [17,20,109,[123][124][125] compare the detailed and EIM models under various transient cases. The continuous variant of EIM has been validated against laboratory prototypes in [110,126].…”

Section: Model Validation In Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of MMC for Fast and Accurate Simulation of Electromagnetic Transients: A Review

Khan

Tedeschi

2017

Energies

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Over the past decade, modular multilevel converters have evolved as the preferred choice for high voltage conversion systems. The design of the converter poses a computational challenge to the classical electromagnetic transient simulation techniques, for which the existing literature proposes numerous simplified and computationally-efficient equivalent representations. Despite the extensive collection of proposed models, the literature lacks a systematic comparison of these representations, which could enable their appropriate selection based on the specific simulation objectives. In light of these requirements, this article presents a comprehensive review of MMC models and discusses their applicability for parallel and real-time simulation. Using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations, the models are objectively compared with regards to computational efficiency and accuracy for various transient conditions. In addition, the paper also presents a brief account of MMC operation and the associated control and modulation system.

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“…Self-commutated semiconductors enable wind-farm-side (WFS) VSCs to independently control AC voltage and supply passive loads as well as weak grids [8]. Furthermore, modular multilevel converters (MMC) have advantages over two-level VSCs [9]. MMC capacity is flexible for expansion with the contribution of modular topology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Emotional Learning Controllers for AC Voltage and Circulating Current of Wind-Farm-Side Modular Multilevel Converters

Li¹,

Liao²,

Liu³

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Electronics

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The introduction of a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) system based on a modular multilevel converter (MMC) for wind farm integration has stimulated studies on methods to control this type of converter. This research article focuses on the control of the AC voltage and circulating current for a wind-farm-side MMC (WFS-MMC). After theoretical analysis, emotional learning (EL) controllers are proposed for the controls. The EL controllers are derived from the learning mechanisms of the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex which make the WFS-MMC insensitive to variance in system parameters, power change, and fault in the grid. The d-axis and q-axis currents are respectively considered for the d-axis and q-axis voltage controls to improve the performance of AC voltage control. The practicability of the proposed control is verified under various conditions with a point-to-point MMC-HVDC system. Simulation results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional proportional-integral controller.

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A Computationally Efficient Continuous Model for the Modular Multilevel Converter

Cited by 89 publications

References 19 publications

Improved Accuracy Average Value Models of Modular Multilevel Converters

Improved Accuracy Average Value Models of Modular Multilevel Converters

Modeling of MMC for Fast and Accurate Simulation of Electromagnetic Transients: A Review

Design of Emotional Learning Controllers for AC Voltage and Circulating Current of Wind-Farm-Side Modular Multilevel Converters

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