A computer program for testing and analyzing random generation behavior in normal and clinical samples: The Mittenecker Pointing Test

Schulter, Günter; Mittenecker, Erich; Papousek, Ilona

doi:10.3758/brm.42.1.333

Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…A CR score of zero denotes the complete absence of any regular pattern while a score of 1.0 denotes the presence of a fixed, repetitive response pattern (i.e., maximal perseveration). For detailed information on the test and how to compute SR and CR, see [10].…”

Section: Mittenecker Pointing Test (Mpt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-moderating effect in prepotent response inhibition in boys with Asperger syndrome: a 2.5 years longitudinal study

Weiss

Walter

Fink

et al. 2018

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Following our previous cross-sectional analysis, indicating age-related improvements of response inhibition in a randommotor-generation task (MPT) in adolescents with Asperger syndrome (AS), the present study reports data from a 2.5-year follow-up examination in the original sample. We found more marked improvements within the follow-up interval in younger AS children, while older AS boys as well as typically developing (TD) boys remained at a relatively constant level throughout. The current longitudinal study further substantiates the notion that AS children (on average) catch up with TD children when they grow older as regards the basic inhibition of developing routine response patterns.

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Section: Mittenecker Pointing Test (Mpt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-moderating effect in prepotent response inhibition in boys with Asperger syndrome: a 2.5 years longitudinal study

Weiss

Walter

Fink

et al. 2018

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…Mittenecker Pointing Test Participants were cognitively stimulated by means of the Mittenecker Pointing Test (MPT), which is a random sequence generation test also applicable in severely impaired clinical samples [23] .…”

Section: Test Battery Rating Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CR, also ranging from 0 to 1, measures the deviation of the frequency distribution of pairs of adjacent responses from equality. CR is high when responses are continuously influenced by previously chosen alternatives and mainly indexes the functionality of inhibitory processes (for details on the MPT scores, see [23] ).…”

Section: Test Battery Rating Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological Effects of a Single, Short, and Moderately Bright Room Light Exposure on Mildly Depressed Geriatric Inpatients: A Pilot Study

Canazei

Pohl²,

Bauernhofer³

et al. 2017

Gerontology

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Background: Light interventions typically exert their mood-related effects during morning bright light exposures over several weeks. Evidence about immediate ambient room light effects on depressed individuals is still sparse. Objective: The present study aimed at examining the acute effects of a single moderately bright room light exposure on mood, and behavioural and cardiac stress reactions of mildly depressed geriatric inpatients during a short cognitive stimulation and while resting. Methods: Twenty-one inpatients were tested in a balanced cross-over design on 2 consecutive days under either conventional room light (standard light) or artificial sunlight conditions for 30 min. Room illumination was implemented with an artificial skylight, which perfectly imitated solar indoor illumination (e.g., cloudless sky and bright artificial sun). Light-induced changes of mood, heart rate, and heart rate variability were recorded while performing a perseveration test (acted as cognitive stimulation) twice. Additionally, light-related behaviour was observed during a resting period between the cognitive tests and various subjective ratings were obtained. Results: Compared to standard light, exposure to artificial sunlight had a subjective calming effect over time (p = 0.029) as well as decreased heart rate and increased vagal tone (root mean squared of successive inter-beat intervals), both under cognitive workload and in resting conditions. Effect sizes of reported cardiac reactions were large. Cognitive variables were not influenced by light. Additionally, under the higher corneal illuminance of the artificial sunlight, patients perceived stronger glare (p = 0.030) and kept their eyes closed for longer times (p = 0.033) during the resting period. However, patients did not avoid bright light exposure while resting but voluntarily stayed within the area directly lit by the artificial sun nearly all the time (97%). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study for the first time demonstrated immediate psychophysiological effects of a single, short room light exposure in mildly depressed geriatric inpatients during a short cognitive stimulation and while resting. The findings complement reported evidence on immediate alerting and mood-related effects of bright light exposures.

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“…Researchers have hitherto relied on an intuitive perception of complexity, or in the last decades developed and used several tailored measures of randomness or complexity (Towse, 1998;Barbasz et al, 2008;Schulter et al, 2010;Williams andGriffiths, 2013, Hahn andWarren, 2009) in the hope of approaching algorithmic complexity. Because all these measures rely upon choices that are partially subjective and each focuses on a single characteristic of chance, they have come under strong criticism .…”

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confidence: 99%

Algorithmic complexity for psychology: a user-friendly implementation of the coding theorem method

et al. 2015

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Kolmogorov-Chaitin complexity has long been believed to be impossible to approximate when it comes to short sequences (e.g. of length 5-50). However, with the newly developed coding theorem method the complexity of strings of length 2-11 can now be numerically estimated. We present the theoretical basis of algorithmic complexity for short strings (ACSS) and describe an R-package providing functions based on ACSS that will cover psychologists' needs and improve upon previous methods in three ways: (1) ACSS is now available not only for binary strings, but for strings based on up to 9 different symbols, (2) ACSS no longer requires time-consuming computing, and (3) a new approach based on ACSS gives access to an estimation of the complexity of strings of any length. Finally, three illustrative examples show how these tools can be applied to psychology. Keywords Algorithmic complexity · Randomness · Subjective probability · Coding theorem method Randomness and complexity are two concepts which are intimately related and are both central to numerous recent developments in various fields, including finance (Taufemback et al., 2011, Brandouy et al., 2012, linguistics (Gruber, 2010;Naranan, 2011), neuropsychology (Machado et al., 2010;Fernández et al., 2011Fernández et al., , 2012, psychiatry (Yang and Tsai, 2012;Takahashi 2013), genetics (Yagil, 2009;Ryabko et al. 2013), sociology (Elzinga, 2010 and the behavioral sciences (Watanabe et al., 2003;Scafetta et al., 2009). In psychology, randomness and complexity have recently attracted interest, following the realization that they could shed light on a diversity of previously undeciphered behaviors and mental processes. It has been found, for instance, that the subjective difficulty of a concept is directly related to its "boolean complexity", defined as the shortest logical description of a concept (Feldman, 2000(Feldman, , 2003(Feldman, , 2006. In the same vein, visual detection of shapes has been shown to be related to contour complexity (Wilder et al., 2011).More generally, perceptual organization itself has been described as based on simplicity or, equivalently, likelihood (Chater, 1996;Chater and Vitányi, 2003), in a model reconciling the complexity approach (perception is organized to minimize complexity) and a probability approach (perception is organized to maximize likelihood), very much in line with our view in this paper. Even the perception of similarity may be viewed through the lens of (conditional) complexity (Hahn et al., 2003).Randomness and complexity also play an important role in modern approaches to selecting the "best" among a set of candidate models (i.e., model selection; e.g., Myung et Behav Res (2016) 48:314-329 315 al., 2006Kellen et al., 2013), as discussed in more detail below in the section called "Relationship to complexity based model selection".Complexity can also shed light on short term memory storage and recall, more specifically, on the process underlying chunking. It is well known that the short term memory span lies b...

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A computer program for testing and analyzing random generation behavior in normal and clinical samples: The Mittenecker Pointing Test

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Age-moderating effect in prepotent response inhibition in boys with Asperger syndrome: a 2.5 years longitudinal study

Age-moderating effect in prepotent response inhibition in boys with Asperger syndrome: a 2.5 years longitudinal study

Psychophysiological Effects of a Single, Short, and Moderately Bright Room Light Exposure on Mildly Depressed Geriatric Inpatients: A Pilot Study

Algorithmic complexity for psychology: a user-friendly implementation of the coding theorem method

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