A computer simulation model for cost-effectiveness analysis of cardiovascular disease prevention

A cost-effectiveness analysis of a community pharmacist-based smoking cessation programme in Thailand

“…Nevertheless, all cost parameters were obtained from the best available studies. Fourth, owing to scarcity and difficulty in accessing data, the risk of CHD and stroke were estimated from the Framingham risk equation38 while the one-year transition probability of COPD was calculated from the 10-year cumulative incidence in the Swedish population 36. Furthermore, the likelihood of lung cancer was derived from an eight-year cumulative risk of lung cancer in a Japanese-American cohort study 37.…”

“…The risk of lung cancer, derived from an 8-year multi-ethnic cohort study,37 was 0.24 for smokers and 0.08 for ex-smokers. We estimated the annual probabilities of developing coronary heart diseases (CHD) and stroke from the Framingham’s risk equation as performed in Johannesson et al 38. The equation yields the risk of cardiovascular disease using blood pressure and total cholesterol levels for Thai residents as derived from the InterASIA study 39.…”

Health economics of osteoporosis

“…The model originates from a cost-effectiveness model for cardiovascular disease prevention [116,117]. As can be seen in Figure 9 the following disease events are included in the model: Hip fracture, Vertebral fracture, Wrist fracture, Breast cancer, CHD and Death.…”

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis and the Formulary Decision-Making Process

“…[33][34][35] More such software modules will likely come onto the market in the future; there is surely a need for applicability to the unique settings and demographics of population groups. Modules that allow users to customize assumptions in a model to fit their setting, and thereby correct biases in costs and effects from "baseline" assumptions, are particularly needed.…”