A conceptual analysis of the impact of travel demand management on private car use

Gärling, Tommy; Eek, Daniel; Loukopoulos, Peter; Fujii, Satoshi; Johansson‐Stenman, Olof; Kitamura, Ryuichi; Pendyala, Ram M.; Vilhelmson, Bertil

doi:10.1016/s0967-070x(01)00035-x

Cited by 201 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Habits may be defined as "a learned sequence of acts that become automatic responses to specific situations, which may be functional in obtaining certain goals or end states" (Triandis, 1977(Triandis, , 1980. In reviewing the matter of habit in relation to information search, Gärling et al (2002) comment that:…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of information in decision-making with regard to travel

Lyons

2006

IEE Proc. Intell. Trans. Syst.

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Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of information in decision-making with regard to travel

Lyons

2006

IEE Proc. Intell. Trans. Syst.

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“…annual carbon consumption or annual number of trips) remain rather distant from peoples' actual lives and reduction capacities. It has become increasingly evident that travel choices and adaptations are the outcome of a complex interplay between experienced travel needs and desires, resources and constraints (Axhausen & Gärling, 1992;Gärling et al, 2002;Jones, Koppelman, & Orfeuil, 1990), and empirical approaches that do not study car use adaptations in the framework of daily structures might lead to biased outcomes. To reach a richer understanding of TC behaviours, future research should therefore examine travel changes more closely in the context of the concrete activity/travel patterns and alternatives that people have.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…asking for stated reductions in the number of trips made or the total distance driven by car in a full year), both being far from life as it is experienced. However, it has become evident that travel choice is an adaptive process embedded in the interdependencies between time, money and activity needs and desires (Axhausen & Gärling, 1992;Gärling et al, 2002;Jones et al, 1990). Therefore, placing TC behaviours in the context of people's everyday activity patterns would lead to a better understanding of how decisions are an outcome of actual trade-offs between activity characteristics, TC scheme characteristics, and the travel and activity alternatives accessible in people's everyday contexts.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tradable credits for managing car travel: a review of empirical research and relevant behavioural approaches

2016

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Recently, there has been a surge of interest in Tradable Credits (TC) as an alternative measure to manage the growth of personal car use. This paper summarises the results and methodologies of studies that have sought to anticipate the behavioural responses to several proposed TC schemes that target personal travel. In a critical reflection on this work and in an attempt to inspire future research, we argue that future empirical studies on TC behaviours can greatly benefit from insights from the fields of behavioural economics and cognitive psychology. Therefore, in the second part of the paper, we bring together behavioural concepts from these fields that are relevant in a TC decision-making context. Based on observations from current TC studies and the behavioural mechanisms identified in the second part of the paper, we propose promising directions for future research on understanding the impact of TC on personal car travel. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…For this reason several recent attempts have been made to conceptualize the change process (Arentze et al, 2004;Cao & Moktharian, 2004a, 2004bGärling et al, 2000;Gärling et al, 2002b;Kitamura & Fujii, 1998;Pendyala et al, 1997;Pendyala et al, 1998). In the following the theoretical framework proposed by Gärling et al (2002a) will be described. This theoretical framework aims at analyzing the multi-facetted nature of car users´ responses to TDM measures.…”

Section: Responses To Tdm Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Private Car Use in Response to Travel Demand Management

Gärling¹

2005

Traffic and Transport Psychology

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In times when reduction and changes in private car use is on the political agenda in urban areas, there is a need to better understand and forecast the process of change in car use. Traditional conceptualizations of travel choice in equilibrium may be insufficient to this end and need to be complemented. An alternative theoretical framework is therefore proposed based on goal setting and self-regulation theory in social psychology with the aim of analyzing responses to travel demand management (TDM) measures targeting reduced or changed car use. Such measures are assumed to lead to that car users set car-use reduction or change goals followed by planning of how to implement and implementing changes in car use to reach the goals. It is hypothesized that choices among change options are made sequentially according to a satisficing principle of minimizing psychological costs. As implied by an operationalization of this hypothesis, the result of a survey indicate that choices of mode switching correlate the strongest with the size of the car-use reduction goal, activity/trip suppression the next strongest, and efficient car use (trip chaining, car pooling, and choice of closer destinations) the weakest. The results of two additional followup surveys show that choice of number and frequency of adaptation alternatives as expected increase with the size of the car-use reduction or change goal. Taken together the results also suggested, however, that costs and effectiveness of adaptation alternatives may vary with trip purpose, the particular travel demand management measure, and household characteristics. Further research needs to incorporate such factors.

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A conceptual analysis of the impact of travel demand management on private car use

Cited by 201 publications

References 53 publications

The role of information in decision-making with regard to travel

The role of information in decision-making with regard to travel

Tradable credits for managing car travel: a review of empirical research and relevant behavioural approaches

Changes of Private Car Use in Response to Travel Demand Management

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