A conceptual model of biotic disturbance ecology in the central interior of B.C.: How forest management can turn Dr. Jekyll into Mr. Hyde

Lewis, Kathy J.; Lingren, B.S.

doi:10.5558/tfc76433-3

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Increasing evidence points to the importance of small-scale disturbances in different types of boreal forest ecosystems (Steijlen and Zackrisson 1986, Leemans 1991, Kuuluvainen 1994, Kuuluvainen et al 1998, Rouvinen 2002, Kneeshaw and Bergeron 1998, Lewis and Lindgren 2000. Although the significance of small-scale disturbances has been recognized for decades in Fennoscandia (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree regeneration in artificial canopy gaps established for restoring natural structural variability in a Scots pine stand

Rouvinen¹,

Kouki²

2011

Silva Fenn.

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In Finland and elsewhere in Europe, many protected forest areas include also stands that were previously managed and that lack several naturally occurring stand characteristics. In these areas, ecosystem restoration can be used to facilitate and accelerate the formation of structural and habitat features resembling those of natural forests. For example, by creating small gaps it could be possible to diversify forest structure and tree species composition and to produce dead wood while still maintaining mostly continous canopy coverage. We examined experimentally the effects of artificial gap formation on post-disturbance tree regeneration in the gaps in a young protected, but formerly commercially managed pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) dominated forest. In the experimental sites, gap size and the portion of girdled trees out of all treated trees (girdled and felled trees combined) in the gaps varied. Natural and artificial (direct seeding of silver birch Betula pendula Roth) tree regeneration and development was monitored both on disturbed (scarified soil patches) and undisturbed forest floor during three growing seasons. Results show that gaps can be valuable in diversifying stand structure but to be successful and rapid, tree regeneration needs disturbed forest floor. Pine regenerated numerously, but birch had clearly lower regeneration, especially on small-sized gaps. In conclusion, increasing tree diversity in young pine-dominated forests seems to be difficult when only small artificial gaps are used. But even small gaps can be used to create and maintain diverse cohort structure of the dominant species and thus they can contribute to restoration goals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree regeneration in artificial canopy gaps established for restoring natural structural variability in a Scots pine stand

Rouvinen¹,

Kouki²

2011

Silva Fenn.

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“…In general, it appears that canker/dieback pathogens of trees are likely to be faof temperate and tropical forests may actually expand (Krankina et al, 1997). Although the beneficial effects of increased atmospheric CO 2 concentrations on tree productivity through enhanced photosynthesis will be realized in some locations, elsewhere they are likely to be offset by the negative effects of temperature-induced water stress on trees and increased incidence and interactions between biotic disturbances such as pathogens and insects and abiotic agents such as fire (McCullough et al, 1998;Lewis and Lindgren, 2000;Parker et al, 2006;Tubby and Webber, 2010).…”

Section: Using Today's Knowledge To Predict What Might Happen Under Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and forest diseases: using today’s knowledge to address future challenges

Sturrock

2012

For. syst.

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The health of the earth's forests and urban green spaces is increasingly challenged by the outcomes of human activities, including global climate change. As climate changes, the role and impact of diseases on trees in both forest ecosystems and in urban settings will also change. Knowledge of relationships between climate variables and diseases affecting forest and urban trees is reviewed, with specific emphasis on those affecting foliage, shoots, and stems. Evidence that forest diseases are already responding to the earth's changing climate is examined (e.g., Dothistroma needle blight in northern British Columbia) as are predicted scenarios for future changes in impact on forests by other tree diseases. Outbreaks of tree diseases caused by native and alien pathogens are predicted to become more frequent and intense -this and other general predictions about the effects of climate change on forest and tree diseases are discussed. Despite the uncertainty that accompanies such predictions it is imperative that researchers, forest and urban tree managers, and policy makers work together to develop and implement management strategies that enhance the resilience of the worlds' forests and urbanized trees. Strategies discussed include monitoring, forecasting, planning, and mitigation.Key words: tree diseases; forest pathogens; forest health; urban forests; plant disease management. ResumenCambio climático y enfermedades forestales: uso de los conocimientos actuales para hacer frente a los retos del futuro La salud de los bosques y los espacios verdes urbanos está cada vez más cuestionada por los resultados de las actividades humanas, incluyendo el cambio climático global. Así como el clima cambia, también cambiarán el papel y el impacto de las enfermedades en los árboles en los ecosistemas forestales y en las zonas urbanas. En este artículo se revisa el conocimiento de las relaciones entre las variables climáticas y las enfermedades que afectan a los árboles forestales y urbanos, con especial hincapié en lo que afecta al follaje, los brotes y los troncos. Se examina la evidencia de que las enfermedades forestales ya están respondiendo al cambio climático (por ejemplo, el tizón de la hoja de Dothistroma en el norte de la Columbia Británica), como prevén escenarios de futuros cambios en el impacto sobre los bosques por otras enfermedades de los árboles. Los brotes de enfermedades causadas por patógenos de árboles nativos y exótico se prevé que sean cada vez más frecuentes e intensos -se discuten esta y otras predicciones generales sobre los efectos del cambio climático sobre los bosques y las enfermedades de los árboles. A pesar de la incertidumbre que acompaña a tales predicciones es imperativo que los investigadores y los responsables de la gestión de los bosques y árboles urbanos cooperen para desarrollar e implementar estrategias de manejo que mejoran la capacidad de recuperación de los bosques y los ár-boles urbanos. Las estrategias analizadas incluyen el monitoreo, la previsión, la planificación y la mitiga...

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“…Forest management practices over the past five decades in temperate and boreal forests of Canada have concentrated on even-aged, single-species stands. Many have argued that these attempts to simplify ecosystems and reduce their variability have caused managed ecosystems to become less resilient to disturbance or stress (Holling and Meffe 1996, Lewis andLindgren 2000, Woods 2003). This is most evident in the Interior Cedar-Hemlock (ICH) zone (Pojar et al 1987) …”

Section: Changes In Forest Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between climate and outbreak dynamics of Dothistroma needle blight in northwest British Columbia, Canada.

Welsh¹

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A conceptual model of biotic disturbance ecology in the central interior of B.C.: How forest management can turn Dr. Jekyll into Mr. Hyde

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Tree regeneration in artificial canopy gaps established for restoring natural structural variability in a Scots pine stand

Tree regeneration in artificial canopy gaps established for restoring natural structural variability in a Scots pine stand

Climate change and forest diseases: using today’s knowledge to address future challenges

The relationship between climate and outbreak dynamics of Dothistroma needle blight in northwest British Columbia, Canada.

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