A Conceptual Model of Smart Port Performance and Smart Port Indicators in Thailand

Abstract

Autonomous ports and digital ports are a modern trend of global commercial ports that are established to develop toward smart ports in many ports. Smart port indicators (SPIs) are used as important tools for measuring, encouraging, and indicating smart port performance. These are the main indicators to operate smart port management as the practical direction and port development planning are enclosed. This research aims to identify the SPIs and to develop a conceptual model of smart port performance in a case study of The Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) in Thailand. Triangulation data are used in the data collection with three sources: the reviewed literature of five international databases in 2016–2021, participant observations, and in-depth interviews. Content analysis is utilized to analyze these data to develop a conceptual model approach. The findings of this research are shown in three main domains classified as smart port operation, smart port environment/energy, and smart port safety/security. These indicators represent 29 SPIs for developing smart port performance, which can be explained with a conceptual model. This information will exist as the foundation framework guiding Thai smart ports towards international standards of smart port efficiency.

Research on the Beibu Gulf Port Container Terminal Operation System Construction Performance Evaluation Based on the AISM-ANP

“…Most of the literature focuses on indicators of smart port infrastructure construction and competitiveness, but the evaluation of the CTOS as an information system in smart port construction is not exactly the same as the evaluation scheme of smart ports. In this paper, through fieldwork, we draw on [13,27] for the port production and operation system indexes used in this paper, and smart port operation indexes to design two secondary indexesport operation and chokepoint operation-using the CTOS system. The following eight tertiary indexes are used to reflect the improvement in the port's services to users: the subordinate average station time efficiency of the shore bridge, the average container ship berthing time per thousand tons of cargo loaded and unloaded in the port, the average container liner ship time efficiency, the container 100 m shoreline utilization rate, the average time spent for vehicle crossing gates, the accuracy of image recognition of vehicle license plate crossing gates, the proportion of electronic vehicle pass documents, and the one-time pass rate of vehicles passing through the gates.…”

“…The management capability index is an important indicator for measuring the performance of the CTOS, that is, for measuring whether the system itself is built to meet the requirements of wisdom and informatization. In this paper, based on [13,28], smart port energy and environment indicators and safety and security evaluation system and evaluation rules are adopted. Based on [29,30], port operation indicators in the design of the ease of operation, the business realization degree, and other indicators are adopted.…”

“…Min further researched the future sustainable development of smart ports and the succession of digital automation in light of previous studies [11]. Taewon et al designed various types of evaluation systems for smart ports [5,[11][12][13]. In contrast to the establishment scheme for smart port evaluation systems, the factors influencing the performance of port information system construction are complex and nonlinear, including new technologies, port conditions, green security, the social environment, and other factors [2].…”

Port productivity: benchmarking analysis of strategic ports

“…To fulfil their purpose, such indicators should be easy to calculate and simple to understand and they should provide insight into port management and the operation of key areas. Productivity measures create targets that can help performance and can also be used as input for negotiations on port congestion surcharges, port development, port tariff considerations and relevant investment decisions (Muangpan and Suthiwartnarueput, 2019; Makkawan and Muangpan, 2021; Ha and Yang, 2017).…”

“…The second comprises the operational indicators that are of more direct concern to port management because they help directly in the future planning of the port. Operational indicators have been discussed in many previous studies (Chacko, 1972; World Bank Group, 2020; Ha and Yang, 2017; Makkawan and Muangpan, 2021; Muangpan and Suthiwartnarueput, 2019). While the indicators presented here are not exhaustive, we feel that they are critical in port administration.…”