A Conceptual Review of Tsunami Models Based on Sumatera-Andaman Tsunami Event

Abstract

Sumatra-Andaman tsunami was categorized as the third worst tsunami by the United State Geology Survey (USGS). The tsunami was triggered at 00:58:53 UTC by a massive earthquake with recorded moment magnitude of 9.1 at the west coast of North Sumatera. Malaysia is one of the countries affected by the 26th December 2004 tsunami. Others countries also affected by this event include Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Somalia, Tanzania, Kenya and Yemen. The earthquake epicenter is located where the Indian Plate subducted under the Burma Plate. This tsunami event has raised the awareness of many people. Today, several tsunami numerical models have been developed to model and forecast tsunami events in the future. This paper reviews five tsunami numerical models namely TUNA, TUNAMI, COMCOT, MOST and ANN Tsunami Forecast. Most of these models have been used by other researchers to perform tsunami simulation based on Sumatera-Andaman tsunami event. Each model have their own similarities, differences and limitations. A non-mathematically intensive approach is employed to choose a suitable tsunami numerical model for the case study in Malaysian offshore areas. Future studies will be conducted using one of the tsunami numerical models.

Modeling the Potential of Tsunami Hazard in Labuan Bajo Towards A Disaster-Resilient Tourism Area

“…The results of the TUNAMI model are similar to previous studies and the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) survey. The average difference in wave height between the simulation and the survey results is 0.98m (20.74%) (Mardi, Malek, Liew, & Lee, 2015;Rahmawan et al, 2012). Mardi et al, 2015 stated that "the TUNAMI, TUNA, COMCOT, MOST, and ANN Tsunami Forecast models had been used to simulate tsunamis based on the Sumatra-Andaman event."…”

“…The average difference in wave height between the simulation and the survey results is 0.98m (20.74%) (Mardi, Malek, Liew, & Lee, 2015;Rahmawan et al, 2012). Mardi et al, 2015 stated that "the TUNAMI, TUNA, COMCOT, MOST, and ANN Tsunami Forecast models had been used to simulate tsunamis based on the Sumatra-Andaman event." (Adriano, Fujii, & Koshimura, 2018) The TUNAMI model was used to simulate the Sendai tsunami on November 22, 2016, through 2 models of earthquake sources.…”

Tsunami Database Development in the Sunda Arc Indonesia to Support Early Warning through Artificial Intelligence Technology

“…The results of the TUNAMI modeling in the Pangandaran tsunami event are in line to previous research and the results of the BMKG's survey. Between the model and survey results, there is a difference in wave height of around 0.98m (20.74%) [34], [36]. Based on the 2004 Sumatera-Andaman tsunami modeling, it's known that TUNAMI and other tsunami models (such as MOST, COMCOT, TUNA) and ANN Tsunami Predict models provide quite good results [36].…”

“…Between the model and survey results, there is a difference in wave height of around 0.98m (20.74%) [34], [36]. Based on the 2004 Sumatera-Andaman tsunami modeling, it's known that TUNAMI and other tsunami models (such as MOST, COMCOT, TUNA) and ANN Tsunami Predict models provide quite good results [36]. Adriano et al used TUNAMI model to simulate Sendai's tsunami on November 22, 2016, based on a model with two earthquake sources.…”

Determination of the Most Significant Fault Parameters for Manila Trench Earthquake Tsunami

“…TUNA model is a validated model since the tsunami results recorded from TUNA model signified satisfying performance and fine correlation when it was matched with the results simulated from a well-established model COMCOT and on-site survey data [12]. Mardi et al [13] chose TUNA model to perform tsunami numerical simulation in their research due to the consistency and computational efficiency when compared to other tsunami models such as COMCOT, TUNAMI, MOST, and ANN Tsunami Forecast. Based on literature review, several tsunami events at Andaman Sea [12], Indian Ocean [14] and South China Sea [15] [16] had been investigated by using TUNA model.…”