A Conceptual Technique for Deriving Encryption Keys from Fingerprints to Secure Fingerprint Templates in Unimodal Biometric Systems

BackgroundNearly three decades into the epidemic, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains the region most heavily affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with nearly 70% of the 34 million people living with HIV globally residing in the region. In SSA, female and male youth (15 to 24 years) are at a disproportionately high risk of HIV infection compared to adults. As such, there is a need to target HIV prevention strategies to youth and to tailor them to a gender-specific context. This protocol describes the process for the multi-staged approach in the design of the MP3 Youth pilot study, a gender-specific, combination, HIV prevention intervention for youth in Kenya.ObjectiveThe objective of this multi-method protocol is to outline a rigorous and replicable methodology for a gender-specific combination HIV prevention pilot study for youth in high-burden settings, illustrating the triangulated methods undertaken to ensure that age, sex, and context are integral in the design of the intervention.MethodsThe mixed-methods, cross-sectional, longitudinal cohort pilot study protocol was developed by first conducting a systematic review of the literature, which shaped focus group discussions around prevention package and delivery options, and that also informed age- and sex- stratified mathematical modeling. The review, qualitative data, and mathematical modeling created a triangulated evidence base of interventions to be included in the pilot study protocol. To design the pilot study protocol, we convened an expert panel to select HIV prevention interventions effective for youth in SSA, which will be offered in a mobile health setting. The goal of the pilot study implementation and evaluation is to apply lessons learned to more effective HIV prevention evidence and programming.ResultsThe combination HIV prevention package in this protocol includes (1) offering HIV testing and counseling for all youth; (2) voluntary medical circumcision and condoms for males; (3) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), conditional cash transfer (CCT), and contraceptives for females; and (4) referrals for HIV care among those identified as HIV-positive. The combination package platform selected is mobile health teams in an integrated services delivery model. A cross-sectional analysis will be conducted to determine the uptake of the interventions. To determine long-term impact, the protocol outlines enrolling selected participants in mutually exclusive longitudinal cohorts (HIV-positive, PrEP, CCT, and HIV-negative) followed by using mobile phone text messages (short message service, SMS) and in-person surveys to prospectively assess prevention method uptake, adherence, and risk compensation behaviors. Cross-sectional and sub-cohort analyses will be conducted to determine intervention packages uptake.ConclusionsThe literature review, focus groups, and modeling indicate that offering age- and gender- specific combination HIV prevention interventions that include biomedical, behavioral, and structural interventions can have an impact on HIV risk r...

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“…These codes will be stored separately from other data. This technology has been used successfully in other projects in Kenya [ 64 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Specific Combination HIV Prevention for Youth in High-Burden Settings: The MP3 Youth Observational Pilot Study Protocol

Buttolph¹,

Inwani²,

Agot³

et al. 2017

JMIR Res Protoc

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“…A binary image input to the thinning process produces another binary image in which the ridges and valleys are only one pixel wide whereas the connectivity and the original contour must be maintained ( Ji et al, 2007). The most important task to recognize an individual is possible if we have his minutiae features (Mwema et al, 2015). The most widely used features are edge and bifurcation which has to be properly extracted from image (Das, 2012).…”

Section: Amjadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reportedly, there are eight different types of attacks that has been carried out on various biometric systems. In order to counter such attacks, we found that mostly systems try to secure their fingerprint templates (Mwema et al, 2015). A two-stage features enrolment and validation process uses fingerprint features and a secret key which is also derived from another template to scramble the features and then store them in the database (Das, 2012).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%