2019
DOI: 10.1177/1098611119862070
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A Conceptualization of Militarization in Domestic Policing

Abstract: Researchers have investigated the underlying mechanisms and consequences of militarization in law enforcement agencies for decades, yet there is no agreed-upon definition for this concept. Without consensus, discourse and research on the intersection of policing and community well-being are hampered. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive framework for the concept of "militarization." Twelve key informant interviews focused on defining militarization were conducted with subject matter experts rep… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(11 citation statements)
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References 34 publications
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“…Although researchers can debate and discuss which specific tactics and resources fall within the definition, previous researchers have identified three factors that establish the existence of such militarization: (1) the blurring of lines between the military and the police, (2) the use of surplus military equipment, vehicles and weapons by law enforcement and (3) the use of increasingly advanced technologies by law enforcement (Kraska, 2007; Balko, 2016). Others have attempted to create a rubric for such discussions (Simckes et al , 2019).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although researchers can debate and discuss which specific tactics and resources fall within the definition, previous researchers have identified three factors that establish the existence of such militarization: (1) the blurring of lines between the military and the police, (2) the use of surplus military equipment, vehicles and weapons by law enforcement and (3) the use of increasingly advanced technologies by law enforcement (Kraska, 2007; Balko, 2016). Others have attempted to create a rubric for such discussions (Simckes et al , 2019).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Kraska'nın önerdiği model polislik ve şiddet kullanımını anlamaya çalışan model birçok çalışmaya öncülük etmiştir. Örneğin, Smickes et al (2019), bu dört unsura ek olarak "süreklilik" ve "paramiliter birliklerin" boyutlarını ekledikleri çalışmalarında ABD polis teşkilatını incelemiş ve modellemenin hâlâ geçerli ve gözlemlenebilir olduğu sonucunda ulaşmışlardır. Bununla birlikte, bazı gözlemcilerin işaret ettiği üzere (Bieler, 2016), söz konusu göstergelerin -bilhassa "kültürel" boyut-ölçümlenebilmesi oldukça zordur.…”
Section: Iv)unclassified
“…İç savaşların uzadığı, organize suçla mücadelede militarizasyonun arttığı (Carreras & Pion-Berlin, 2017) bu tip örneklerde, güvenlik kurumlarının ve enstrümanlarının neo-liberal dönüşümün öngördüğü daha az öldürücü araçlar yerine (Wood, 2014, ss.25-43); daha çok, pratikler üzerinden geleneksel savaş yöntemleriyle yeni teknolojileri birleştirmesi gibi sonuçları ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu noktada, Kraska ve diğer yazarların geliştirdiği modeli takip eden Flores-Macías ve Zarkin (2019), ABD ve Kıta Avrupası dışındaki süreçlerinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için, öncelikli olarak ve kolluk kuvvetleri faaliyetlerinin militarizasyonunun "siyasal" yönünün de analize dahil edilmesini önermektedir. Yazarlara göre, Latin Amerika'da ulusal ordu ve polis birimleri arasındaki sınır daha bulanık durumdadır.…”
Section: Iv)unclassified
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“…Unfortunately, thanks to the federal government flooding our neighborhoods with billions of dollars of military equipment and property over the years, the line between peace officer and soldier of war has become increasingly blurry. Kraska (2007) argued that militarization involves police officers adhering to the belief that coercive force is an appropriate means to solve social problems, as well as efforts by police forces to pattern themselves after the military in regard to training, tactics, arms, and equipment (see also Simckes et al, 2019). 1 Many police forces began the process of militarization decades ago, most notably through the increased use of Special Weapons and Tactics (S.W.A.T.)…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%