Selective modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu
2
) represents a novel therapeutic approach for treating brain disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), drug abuse and addiction. Imaging mGlu
2
using positron emission tomography (PET) would allow for
in vivo
quantification under physiological and pathological conditions and facilitate drug discovery by enabling target engagement studies. In this paper, we aimed to develop a novel specific radioligand derived from negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) for PET imaging of mGlu
2
.
Methods.
A focused small molecule library of mGlu
2
NAMs with tetrahydro naphthyridine scaffold was synthesized for pharmacology and physicochemical evaluation. GIRK dose-response assays and CNS panel binding selectivity assays were performed to study the affinity and selectivity of mGlu
2
NAMs, among which compounds
14a
and
14b
were selected as PET ligand candidates. Autoradiography in SD rat brain sections was used to confirm the
in vitro
binding specificity and selectivity of [
11
C]
14a
and [
11
C]
14b
towards mGlu
2
.
In vivo
binding specificity was then studied by PET imaging. Whole body biodistribution study and radiometabolite analysis were conducted to demonstrate the pharmacokinetic properties of [
11
C]
14b
as most promising PET mGlu
2
PET ligand.
Results.
mGlu
2
NAMs
14a-14g
were synthesized in 14%-20% yields in five steps. NAMs
14a
and
14b
were selected to be the most promising ligands due to their high affinity in GIRK dose-response assays. [
11
C]
14a
and [
11
C]
14b
displayed similar heterogeneous distribution by autoradiography, consistent with mGlu
2
expression in the brain. While PET imaging study showed good brain permeability for both tracers, compound [
11
C]
14b
demonstrated superior binding specificity compared to [
11
C]
14a
. Further radiometabolite analysis of [
11
C]
14b
showed excellent stability in the brain.
Conclusions.
Compound
14b
exhibited high affinity and excellent subtype selectivity, which was then evaluated by
in vitro
autoradiography and
in vivo
PET imaging study after labeling with carbo...