A Concise Review of the Recent Structural Explorations of Chromones as MAO-B Inhibitors: Update from 2017 to 2023

Abstract

Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are a family of flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidative deamination of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous amines. Multiple neurological conditions, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are closely correlated with altered biogenic amine concentrations in the brain caused by MAO. Toxic byproducts of this oxidative breakdown, including hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species, and ammonia, can cause oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain cells. Certain MAO-B blockers have been recognized as effective treatment options for managing neurological conditions, including AD and PD. There is still a pressing need to find potent therapeutic molecules to fight these disorders. However, the focus of neurodegeneration studies has recently increased, and certain compounds are now in clinical trials. Chromones are promising structures for developing therapeutic compounds, especially in neuronal degeneration. This review focuses on the MAO-B inhibitory potential of several synthesized chromones and their structural activity relationships. Concerning the discovery of a novel class of effective chromone-based selective MAO-B-inhibiting agents, this review offers readers a better understanding of the most recent additions to the literature.

A Comprehensive Review of The Molecular Dynamic Study Of Chalcones, Coumarins and Chromones as Selective MAO‐B Inhibitors [2015‐Till Date]

“…Chromones are structurally similar to chalcones and coumarins and having selective inhibition towards MAO−B [142] . The capacity of chromone‐derived compounds to affect the central nervous system (CNS) is mainly due to the stimulation of blood–brain barrier bridging by the modest polar surface area (PSA) of chromones Figure 23 [59] …”

“…Currently three inhibitors of MAO−B like selegiline, rasagiline and safinamide are used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease(PD). Selegiline and rasagiline are the second generation propargylamine‐type irreversible MAO−B inhibitors while safinamide is a newly developed reversible MAO−B inhibitor that binds to the active site of MAO−B [58,59] . Safinamide is a recent generation of MAO−B inhibitors having lesser side effects than selegiline and rasagaline [60] .…”