A concise review of the Raman spectra of carbon allotropes

Catalytic aerobic oxidation of lignin-based vanillyl alcohol under base–free conditions over an efficient and reusable LaFeO3 perovskite for vanillin production

“…4b, with respect to the 1st and 4th spent catalysts, a significant increase in the peak intensity was observed for three peaks at approximately 1590 cm −1 , 1380 cm −1 and within 200 cm −1 , which were assigned to the G, D and RBM peaks of carbon nanotubes, respectively. 50–52 Moreover, the intensity of the three peaks in the 4th spent catalyst was stronger than that of the 1st spent catalyst. In addition, the two peaks at approximately 434 cm −1 (O–Fe–O bending modes) and 628 cm −1 (Fe–O stretching modes) 53 of spent LaFeO 3 after the first and fourth runs were significantly weakened, probably due to the enhanced displacement of lanthanum ions and enhanced motion of oxygen ions, 54,55 as well as the weakening of the tilt vibration of the FeO 6 octahedron.…”

Effect of electrophoretic deposition of micro-quartz on the microstructural and mechanical properties of carbon fibers and their bond performance toward cement

“…Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the effect of EPD on the surface and structure of CFs. First-order Raman scattering of carbon allotropes, such as crystalline and amorphous graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, has been elaborately discussed in the literature [50][51][52], and the effect was exploited to derive insights into the system's molecular properties. Particularly, the resultant Raman bands between 1000 1 and 2000 cm -1 , attributed to phonon/normal modes of the underlying carbon ring structure, are highly structure-sensitive.…”

Preparation, Structure‐Performance Relationship, and Reaction Network of ZnZSM‐5 for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane with CO2

“…However, formation of amorphous carbon can be clearly verified by Raman spectra (Figure 8B), where disorder‐induced D‐bands (∼1430 cm −1 ) and in‐plane vibration G bands (∼1610 cm −1 ) of carbon matrix are observed. Nevertheless, the peak is relatively weak, making evaluation of the graphite degree by intensity ratio ( I D / I G ) unreliable [38] . The carbon deposition was then quantified by TG analysis under an air flow.…”

“…Nevertheless, the peak is relatively weak, making evaluation of the graphite degree by intensity ratio (I D /I G ) unreliable. [38] The carbon deposition was then quantified by TG analysis under an air flow. As shown in Figure 8(C), the fast wight loss at < 150 °C can be attributed to the removal of physically adsorbed CO 2 and/or moisture, and at ca.…”