A conditional directional distance function approach for measuring regional environmental efficiency: Evidence from UK regions

Abstract

This paper, by using conditional directional distance functions as introduced

Green Economy Performance and Green Productivity Growth in China’s Cities: Measures and Policy Implication

“…Chung et al [27] first proposed the DDF method to examine environmental efficiency. Relevant studies on assessing environmental performance using the DDF method could be seen in Watanabe & Tanaka [28], Macpherson et al [29], Halkos & Tzeremes [30], Ramli et al [31] and Njuki & Ureta [32]. There are two limitations of the conventional DDF in the literature [33].…”

Urbanization, Economic Development and Environmental Change

“…Meanwhile, we rely on the degree of concern in the same type of research to choose the index, including related 11 indexes, such as the macroeconomic situation, characteristics of the industrial structure, health development level and the level of education. According to the correlation analysis, we screen out the 7 most related indexes characterized which include the following: (rgp) per capita GDP, reflecting macroeconomic conditions; (egr) the economic growth rate; (cpi) the currency inflation rate; (ind) GDP, representing the regional industrial structure; (ser) GDP, representing the value of service industry output; (med), 2 …”

“…Second, these models employ explanatory variables-such as the urbanization rate and economic development-to conduct quantitative analyses of environmental pressure. Using data from the EU, Halkos [2] observed an inverted-U-shaped relationship between regional environmental efficiency and regional per capita GDP, whereas Wang [3] discovered the same inverted U-shaped relationship; using panel data on per capita GDP, environmental deterioration and its remediation costs, it studied the empirical relationship between urbanization and air quality. Third, certain studies have considered the urbanization rate alone to explain the level of polluting emissions, such as Srinivasan [4], who analyzed the vulnerability relationship between urbanization and water resources.…”

Efficiency assessment of primary care providers: A conditional nonparametric approach

“…Hence, it is possible to find works using this approach to measure the efficiency of units operating in multiple frameworks such as the educational sector (Bonaccorsi et al, 2006;Cherchye et al, 2010;De Witte and Rogge, 2011;Haelermans and De Witte, 2012;De Witte and Kortelainen, 2013;, banks and mutual funds (Daraio and Simar, 2005;Daouia and Simar, 2007;Blass et al, 2008;Badin et al, 2010), post offices (Cazals et al, 2008), public libraries (De Witte and Geys, 2011;, regional welfare or environment Tzeremes, 2011a, Halkos andTzeremes, 2013), local services (Rogge and De Jaeger, 2012;Verschelde and Rogge, 2012) or the water sector Marques, 2010a, 2010b;Carvalho and Marques, 2011;Vidoli, 2011). However, to the best of our best knowledge, this methodology has only been applied previously in the health sector to measure the efficiency of health administrative districts in Greece (Halkos and Tzeremes, 2011b) considering only continuous exogenous variables.…”

“…Yang and Pollitt (2009) assess the performance of Chinese coal-fired power plants combining four different traditional models to incorporate uncontrollable variables into DEA with one approach to deal with undesirable factors. More recently, Halkos and Tzeremes (2013) use a conditional directional distance function approach for measuring regional environmental efficiency, although they opt for transforming the technology of production to adapt it to the presence of undesirable outputs.…”