A cone calorimeter for controlled‐atmosphere studies

Babrauskas, Vytenis; Twilley, W H.; Janssens, Marc L.; Yusa, Shyuitsu

doi:10.1002/fam.810160106

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Plenty of excess air is supplied, so that the measurements are not affected by lack of oxygen. However, specialized studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of ventilation and vitiation and to determine the 'Limiting Oxygen Concentration', which is an important parameter in the design of fire protection systems that rely on a reduction of oxygen concentration in the room [49,50]. Such studies require a closed configuration.…”

Section: Airflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calorimetry

Janssens

2016

SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering

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Section: Airflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of laboratories have used the cone calorimeter to study the effect of reduced or increased oxygen on the burning behavior of materials [28,49,[56][57][58][59]]. An enclosure was built around the heater and load cell and a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, or air, was supplied to create the desired environment.…”

Section: Modified Versionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorimetry

Janssens

2016

SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering

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“…However, a non-standard modification of the apparatus has been described, enclosing the fire model in a controlled ventilation chamber, in an attempt to replicate oxygen-depleted conditions. In this modification, the controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter (CACC) (Babrauskas et al 1992), shown in Fig. 11, a conical heater used as a fire model is enclosed in a heat resistant glass chamber (400 mm high with 300 × 300 mm base) so that the air flow around the specimen may be controlled by diluting the oxygen content with nitrogen.…”

Section: The Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calorimeter (Cacc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The fire toxicity of polyurethane foams

2016

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Polyurethane is widely used, with its two major applications, soft furnishings and insulation, having low thermal inertia, and hence enhanced flammability. In addition to their flammability, polyurethanes form carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and other toxic products on decomposition and combustion. The chemistry of polyurethane foams and their thermal decomposition are discussed in order to assess the relationship between the chemical and physical composition of the foam and the toxic products generated during their decomposition. The toxic product generation during flaming combustion of polyurethane foams is reviewed, in order to relate the yields of toxic products and the overall fire toxicity to the fire conditions. The methods of assessment of fire toxicity are outlined in order to understand how the fire toxicity of polyurethane foams may be quantified. In particular, the ventilation condition has a critical effect on the yield of the two major asphyxiants, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide.

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“…The experimental setup is described in detail in the literature [4,27] and only a brief summary is presented here. The test apparatus [ Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatus: Open Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For more than two decades, the reaction-to-fire of materials has mainly been studied with bench scale experiments to control the test conditions. The most important bench-scale instruments for fire testing are the cone calorimeter (standard and equipped with a controlled atmosphere enclosure) [1][2][3][4] and the fire propagation apparatus (FPA) [5], which were developed in the early 1980s. Over the years, these devices have allowed great progress and a better understanding of the physical phenomena occurring when materials burn in well-ventilated conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oxygen availability on the combustion behaviour of materials in a controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter

Marquis¹,

Guillaume²,

Camillo³

2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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The reaction-to-fire of materials is commonly studied with bench scale experiments conducted under controlled test conditions. Two bench-scale instruments commonly used for this purpose are the cone calorimeter and the fire propagation apparatus. Research performed with these test apparatuses on the burning behaviour of polymeric materials has demonstrated the significant effect on the results of test variables such as pressure, irradiance, flow velocity, etc. In spite of the fairly large number of studies, little is known concerning the effect of oxygen vitiation and reduced ventilation on the burning behaviour of polymeric materials. Recent work in a controlled oxygen environment raises the question of interpretation and accuracy of the results. This paper reports the results of a study to evaluate the effect of oxygen vitiation and reduced ventilation on the burning behaviour of materials in a controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter. The study was performed on a typical thermoplastic material, i.e., a black poly(methyl)methacrylate. The dependence of the results on the experimental fire conditions is presented and discussed. The experiments show that the inlet airflow rate is a major factor to consider when studying the burning behaviour of polymeric materials in an enclosure. It strongly affects the available amount of oxygen that can react and may lead to a misinterpretation of the results when the effects of oxygen are studied.

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A cone calorimeter for controlled‐atmosphere studies

Cited by 42 publications

References 5 publications

Calorimetry

Calorimetry

The fire toxicity of polyurethane foams

Effects of oxygen availability on the combustion behaviour of materials in a controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter

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