A conformationally stressed novel ball-type perylenediimide appended zinc(ii)phthalocyanine hybrid: spectroelectrochemical, electrocolorimetric and photovoltaic properties

Abstract

A supramolecule, 6, based on an electron-donor zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and an electron-acceptor perylene diimide (PDI) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis, IR, (1)H NMR and solid state (13)C CPMAS NMR and also MALDI-TOF and ICP mass spectrometry. The PDI appended ZnPc core brings about a geometrical constraint in the molecule with intriguing spectroscopic, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties. The first reduction process of 6 occurs on the PDI core while the first oxidation takes place on the Pc ring. These processes reflect a considerably small HOMO-LUMO gap of 1.50 eV, which has vital importance for optoelectronic applications. In addition, the PDI-based first and second reduction processes of 6 are accompanied by an electrochromic behaviour with colour changes from dark purple to blue and blue to turquoise, respectively. A photovoltaic cell involving 6 as the donor and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester as the acceptor has been fabricated. The measurements of the effect of annealing temperature on its performance indicated that the annealing process gives rise to a significant increase in the open circuit voltage, the fill factor and the photoconversion efficiency.

LambertW Function to Extract Physical Parameters of a Schottky Barrier Diode from Its I–V Characteristics

“…They are widely used in a vast number of devices [3][4][5][6]. Indeed, SBDs are used in photovoltaic devices, in integrated circuits and in many semiconductor compounds, such as chemical sensors, electronic and electrochromic devices and non-linear optics, bringing meaningful benefits over silicone counterparts [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Despite the many advantages of this technology, there is a lack of knowledge in process fabrication, which attracts enormous research interest.…”

The effects of substituent position on kinetics of benzene vapour adsorption onto 3-phenylphenoxy substituted metal-free and metallo-phthalocyanines thin films

“…Previous investigations into Pc thin films as gas sensing materials have revealed a high sensitivity to various organic vapours. [28][29][30][31][32][33] Compared to the more intensely studied works on the synthesis, photovoltaic and gas phase sensing properties of the Pcs and their metal complexes, [34][35][36] related work on the substituent group dependence of adsorption kinetics in particular has been relatively scarce. To the authors' knowledge there are no reports on the modelling of benzene adsorption kinetics and the dependence of the adsorption kinetics on the substituent groups.…”