A consideration of the general principles of organization of sympathetic ganglia

Bulygin, I. A.

doi:10.1016/0165-1838(83)90027-9

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thus, the conclusion that enteric viscerofugal neurons mediated burst firing behavior recorded from rectal nerves during motor complexes in organ cultured preparations cannot be escaped. However, it may be suggested, at least in control preparations with intact spinal afferent neurons, that spinal afferent axons branching in prevertebral ganglia potentially activated postganglionic sympathetic neurons in a mechanism similar to the “Sokownin reflex” ( Sokownin, 1877 ; Job and Lundberg, 1952 ; Bulygin, 1983 ). Spinal afferent collaterals contain peptide transmitters that can be released during gut distension causing slow depolarization of sympathetic neurons ( Dun and Karczmar, 1979 ; Dun and Jiang, 1982 ; Peters and Kreulen, 1986 ; Webber and Heym, 1988 ; Dun and Mo, 1989 ; Ma and Szurszewski, 1996 ; Jobling and Gibbins, 1999 ; Kaestner et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Mode of Sympathetic Reflex Activation Mediated by the Enteric Nervous System

Hibberd

Yew

Chen

et al. 2020

eNeuro

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Enteric viscerofugal neurons provide a pathway by which the enteric nervous system (ENS), otherwise confined to the gut wall, can activate sympathetic neurons in prevertebral ganglia. Firing transmitted through these pathways is currently considered fundamentally mechanosensory. The mouse colon generates a cyclical pattern of neurogenic contractile activity, called the colonic motor complex (CMC). Motor complexes involve a highly coordinated firing pattern in myenteric neurons with a frequency of ;2 Hz. However, it remains unknown how viscerofugal neurons are activated and communicate with the sympathetic nervous system during this naturally-occurring motor pattern. Here, viscerofugal neurons were recorded extracellularly from rectal nerve trunks in isolated tube and flat-sheet preparations of mouse colon held at fixed circumferential length. In freshly dissected preparations, motor complexes were associated with bursts of viscerofugal firing at 2 Hz that aligned with 2-Hz smooth muscle voltage oscillations. This behavior persisted during muscle paralysis with nicardipine. Identical recordings were made after a 4-to 5-d organotypic culture during which extrinsic nerves degenerated, confirming that recordings were from viscerofugal neurons. Single unit analysis revealed the burst firing pattern emerging from assemblies of viscerofugal neurons differed from individual neurons, which typically made partial contributions, highlighting the importance and extent of ENS-mediated synchronization. Finally, sympathetic neuron firing was recorded from the central nerve trunks emerging from the inferior mesenteric ganglion. Increased sympathetic neuron firing accompanied all motor complexes with a 2-Hz burst pattern similar to viscerofugal neurons. These data provide evidence for a novel mechanism of sympathetic reflex activation derived from synchronized firing output generated by the ENS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Mode of Sympathetic Reflex Activation Mediated by the Enteric Nervous System

Hibberd

Yew

Chen

et al. 2020

eNeuro

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“…This activity may in turn enhance efferent activity within the i.m.g. Other sympathetic reflexes involving prevertebral ganglia have been demonstrated; these include intestino-intestinal (Kreulen, 1979a, b), gastro-duodenal (Kreulen, Muir & Szurszewski, 1983), rectal-ileal (Bulygin, 1983) and colon-hepatic bile flow (Kuntz & van Buskirk, 1941).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venous mechanoreceptor input to neurones in the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the guinea‐pig.

Keef¹,

Kreulen²

1986

The Journal of Physiology

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Venous distension was associated with a depolarization in 31 % of cells tested.The depolarization averaged 2-8 mV and in 89 % of these was associated with an increase in membrane resistance. 5. A further 14 % of cells exhibited an increase in membrane resistance in the absence of depolarization.6. Venous distension increased the amplitude of fast e.p.s.p.s generated by stimulation of the lumbar splanchnic nerve or the intermesenteric nerve in 38 % of cells tested. 7. The results of this study demonstrate the existence of a mechanosensory pathway from the venous bed of the distal mesenteric region to the i.m.g. of the guinea-pig and suggest that distension may enhance neural transmission by increasing the excitability of ganglionic cells.

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“…The first three potentials result from the action of ace tylcholine released from the cholinergic nerves. It must be noted that synaptic connections in the sympathetic ganglia are so complex that the pattern of preganglionic discharge is not merely transmitted to the postganglionic neurons, but it is mod ulated in a highly organized manner before traveling down the postganglionic axons [34]. Therefore, it is possible that the increase of acetylcholine release found in vitro after exposure to T4 is not lineally translated into an increased ganglion neuron activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

In vitro Effect of Thyroxine on Cholinergic Neurotransmission in Rat Sympathetic Superior Cervical Ganglion

Landa¹,

Burgos²,

Cardinali³

1991

Neuroendocrinology

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This study aimed at examining the effect of thyroid hormones on cholinergic transmission in isolated rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG). In SCG explants incubated with ³H-choline, thyroxine (T4) and 3,3’,5-triiodothyronine (T3) added to the medium before a second depolarization stimulus of 60 mM K⁺ resulted in a dose-dependent increase of S2/S1 ratio for ³H release. The concentration of hormone that produced 50% of maximal increase in K⁺-induced radioactivity release was 8 × 10^–9 M for T4 and 1.6 × 10^–8M for T3 while 3,3’,5,5’-tetraiodothyroacetic acid was almost ineffective. Preincubation of SCG with 10^–7M iopanoic acid for 30 min before S2, although not affecting by itself S2/S1 ratio, effectively prevented the increase given by T4 or T3. ³H-acetylcholine release by SCG was augmented in a high K⁺ and the effect was amplified by T4 to a similar extent as that for total ³H release. When added to the incubation medium together with 60 mM K⁺ for 30 min, T4 (10^–7M) increased significantly the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). T4 did not affect ChAT activity in SCG exposed to 4.7 mM K⁺, nor in SCG homogenates. ³H-choline uptake measured immediately after exposure of SCG to 60 mM K⁺ decreased by 25%, whereas it increased by 71% after a subsequent 30-min incubation with 4.7 mM K⁺. Addition of 10^–7M T4 prevented the changes in choline uptake observed in a high K⁺ medium. These results indicate that T4 increases SCG cholinergic transmission.

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A consideration of the general principles of organization of sympathetic ganglia

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

A Novel Mode of Sympathetic Reflex Activation Mediated by the Enteric Nervous System

A Novel Mode of Sympathetic Reflex Activation Mediated by the Enteric Nervous System

Venous mechanoreceptor input to neurones in the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the guinea‐pig.

In vitro Effect of Thyroxine on Cholinergic Neurotransmission in Rat Sympathetic Superior Cervical Ganglion

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