A constitutive model for hysteresis: the continuum damage approach for filled rubber-like materials

Külcü, İsmail Doğan; Tanrıverdi, Halil

doi:10.1007/s00419-020-01695-2

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The strain softening in the thermosets had a clear memory effect of the previously reached maximum strain, as the strained samples were softer up until the previously reached strain, after which the softening effect disappeared. This behavior, often called the Mullins effect, is indicative of the irreversible breaking of bonds, common during the first deformation of filled or crystallizing elastomers. , The SEBS and WPU became generally softer from previous strain but showed no sharp transition at the previously reached maximum strain (Figure j,k). This is indicative of a general rearrangement and reformation of physical cross-links within the network, leading to softening even above the previously reached maximum strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In contrast to the large body of work on the development and characterization of different stretchable conductors, the number of studies exploring the mechanisms of conductors under strain are far fewer. Carbon black received early attention both as a reinforcing agent and as a conductivity enhancer for mainly natural rubbers, butyl rubbers, and styrene–butadiene rubbers. − Although some basic concepts regarding mechanical and electrical influence can be adopted from these studies, the electromechanical behavior of carbon black rubbers (aggregate alignment can improve conductivity with strain) differs significantly from the behavior of recent highly conductive composites (decrease in conductivity with strain). Significant research has also gone into experimental and theoretical studies of the percolation threshold of conducting composites; however, high-performance conductors operate at far higher filler concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Elastomer Influence on the Electromechanical Performance of Stretchable Conductors

Lienemann,

Boda,

Mohammadi

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Stretchable electronics has received major attention in recent years due to the prospects of integrating electronics onto and into the human body. While many studies investigate how different conductive fillers perform in stretchable composites, the effect of different elastomers on composite performance, and the related fundamental understanding of what is causing the performance differences, is poorly understood. Here, we perform a systematic investigation of the elastomer influence on the electromechanical performance of gold nanowire-based stretchable conductors based on five chemically different elastomers of similar Young's modulus. The choice of elastomer has a huge impact on the electromechanical performance of the conductors under cyclic strain, as some composites perform well, while others fail rapidly at 100% strain cycling. The lack of macroscopic crack formation in the failing composites indicates that the key aspect for good electromechanical performance is not homogeneous films on the macroscale but rather beneficial interactions on the nanoscale. Based on the comprehensive characterization, we propose a failure mechanism related to the mechanical properties of the elastomers. By improving our understanding of elastomer influence on the mechanisms of electrical failure, we can move toward rational material design, which could greatly benefit the field of stretchable electronics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Elastomer Influence on the Electromechanical Performance of Stretchable Conductors

Lienemann,

Boda,

Mohammadi

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The yellow area in Figure 4 between the loading and relaxation curve is called hysteresis and corresponds to the dissipated energy during cyclic loading. 11 Another notable value is tensile set, which is the permanent elongation from viscous deformation after stress release. Figure 5 shows the microstructure making up the elastomer which enables its viscoelastic behavior.…”

Section: Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyperelasticity accounts for this non-linear elastic behavior. 1,11 Many elastomers and biological tissues exhibit strain-stiffening, 14 which means that the materials become stiffer with increasing strain. In the case of elastomers, once the mobile chains are extended to their maximal length, the stiffness of the elastomer is dominated by the much stronger bonds at the crosslinks.…”

Section: Non-linear Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Materials and Devices for Stretchable Electronic Nerve Interfaces

Lienemann

2022

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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This thesis would not have been possible without the many people who supported me throughout my PhD. Here I wish to express my gratitude:My upmost gratitude goes of course to Klas. When I met you in Zürich I was told you are a brilliant and critical scientist. Now I know you are also a wonderful supervisor. Thanks for caring about me as a person as well as about my PhD. I have extreme respect for you as a supervisor and scientist. I cannot put into big enough words how thankful I am for the tremendous amount of support and knowledge I got from you! I will miss our midnight emails about science. It was an honor to be your first PhD student.Magnus, and the rest of LOE management I would like to thank for making LOE a huge group that still acts like a small one.Besides Klas, I also had several additional (unofficial) mentors that contributed greatly to the success of my PhD.Nadia, my mentor in life. Thanks for ever pushing me to achieve my potential. My motivation for this thesis stemmed to a great deal from wanting to make you and Klas proud. Thanks for believing in me. And thanks for always being there for me. Even commenting on many drafts of this thesis.Marie, my mentor at LOE. Thanks for teaching me the first things I needed to know as a new PhD student, always challenging me to work harder while at the same time luring me with frisbee and beers. Also, thanks for commenting on this thesis and for providing the first instance of the beautiful nerve figure that I have been using ever since in various new versions (also all over in this thesis).Mary, my mentor in the Lab. Thanks for your positive attitude and endless energy to get things done. It was wonderful to work with you on the PigSel project and your comments on this thesis were well appreciated.Aline, my long-distance mentor in Zürich. Thanks for 3 years of bi-weekly support-group meetings of 'people suffering from Klas' gold nanowire fabrication'. You explained and solved a great deal of my problems before they ever could become any up here in the north.To Simon and Johan, my surgeon mentors at Linköping university hospital, my sincerest thanks for happily implanting all the in vivo devices of this thesis over the last 3 years and teaching me firsthand biology.x Riki and Yianni, thanks for being there with me right from the start. You were the reason the SoftEs were not just about electronics, and that my PhD was not just about becoming a doctor, but also about The Doctor. Yianni especially, thanks for being my partner in crime inside and outside the lab. Thanks for caring for the happiness of people with your endless chaotic energy that powered friday beers, movie productions and gifts alike.A big thanks also to the other SoftEs. Thanks for making our group feel like a small family. Nara, thanks for your kind spirit and comments on this thesis. Mohsen, thanks for commenting on the mechanical part of this thesis and taking over all the lab duties from me. Aiman, thanks for being the good soul of the Rubberlab by always being there to talk about science an...

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A constitutive model for hysteresis: the continuum damage approach for filled rubber-like materials

Cited by 2 publications

References 35 publications

Exploring the Elastomer Influence on the Electromechanical Performance of Stretchable Conductors

Exploring the Elastomer Influence on the Electromechanical Performance of Stretchable Conductors

Materials and Devices for Stretchable Electronic Nerve Interfaces

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