“…Alternatively, for iterative methods, the inverse problem is considered as an optimization problem in which the shear modulus is changed iteratively to minimize the error between measured displacement and the simulated displacements (Fu et al 2000, Van Houten et al 2001, Doyley et al 2004, Eskandari et al 2008. This optimization problem may be solved using one of a large number of optimization algorithms such as the Gauss-Newton method (Kallel and Bertrand 1996, Doyley et al 2000, Miga 2003, Khalil et al 2005, gradient-based algorithms (Skovoroda et al 1999, Oberai et al 2003, Oberai et al 2004 or non-gradient approaches (Samani et al 2001, Zhang et al 2006. Some algorithms, such as Gauss-Newton, require the value of the functional, the gradient and the Hessian matrix, but some other algorithms require only the value of the functional and the gradient.…”