A containerless levitation setup for liquid processing in a superconducting magnet

Lu, Hui‐Meng; Yin, Da‐Chuan; Li, Haisheng; Luo, Geng; Zhang, Chenyan; Lu, Qi; Guo, Yang; Guo, Weihong; Shang, Peng; Wakayama, Nobuko I.

doi:10.1063/1.2980383

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Figure 4 shows the distribution of the gravitational force and Lorentz force of an object inside this superconducting magnet. Using such a magnet, Yin et al [11] showed that high-quality lysozyme crystals could be grown in container-less conditions [44]. They found that the orientation of multiple crystals occurred when they used different paramagnetic salts (CoCl 2 and NiCl 2 ) as precipitants at different concentrations [39].…”

Section: Magnet Systems That Provide a Strong And Stable Magnetic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This simple glass vessel evolved into an integrative device equipped with a real-time observation apparatus [49], a temperature control system [44], and an auxiliary instrument. Sazaki et al and Yanagiya et al [49,50] designed a real-time observation device for use in a strong magnetic field by conveniently adjusting the sample location, as shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: Apparatuses For Protein Crystal Growth Inside a Magnetic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lu et al [44] designed a container-less device for the levitation of crystallization droplets inside of a superconducting magnet (JMTA-16T 50 MF), as shown in Figure 8. The levitation apparatus was composed of a temperature control unit, a levitation unit, and a real-time observation unit [44].…”

Section: Apparatuses For Protein Crystal Growth Inside a Magnetic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The levitation apparatus was composed of a temperature control unit, a levitation unit, and a real-time observation unit [44]. The temperature control unit included a water bath, a temperature sensor, a water jacket, a computer and a temperature control program.…”

Section: Apparatuses For Protein Crystal Growth Inside a Magnetic mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Hardware for Protein Crystallization in a Magnetic Field

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Protein crystallization under a magnetic field is an interesting research topic because a magnetic field may provide a special environment to acquire improved quality protein crystals. Because high-quality protein crystals are very useful in high-resolution structure determination using diffraction techniques (X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction), research using magnetic fields in protein crystallization has attracted substantial interest; some studies have been performed in the past two decades. In this research field, the hardware is especially essential for successful studies because the environment is special and the design and utilization of the research apparatus in such an environment requires special considerations related to the magnetic field. This paper reviews the hardware for protein crystallization (including the magnet systems and the apparatus designed for use in a magnetic field) and progress in this area. Future prospects in this field will also be discussed.

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Section: Magnet Systems That Provide a Strong And Stable Magnetic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparatuses For Protein Crystal Growth Inside a Magnetic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparatuses For Protein Crystal Growth Inside a Magnetic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apparatuses For Protein Crystal Growth Inside a Magnetic mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Hardware for Protein Crystallization in a Magnetic Field

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2016

IJMS

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“…However, it is difficult to carry out spaceflight-induced mutagenesis extensively owing to the limitations of high cost and few chances to board spaceships. Therefore, ground-based simulated experiments have greater practical significance, and high-magnetogravity experiments are a good choice to simulate the space environment (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessing the Potential of an Induced-Mutation Strategy for Avermectin Overproducers

Gao

Liu

Zhuo

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Mutant libraries of avermectin-producing Streptomyces avermitilis strains were constructed by different mutagenesis strategies. A metric was applied to assess the mutation spectrum by calculating the distribution of average phenotypic distance of each population. The results showed for the first time that a microgravity environment could introduce larger phenotype distribution and diversity than UV and N-methyl-N-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine (NTG) could.Induced mutagenesis is a classical and successful method for improving strains to increase the productivity of commercially significant microbial metabolites. To evaluate different induced-mutagenesis approaches, Klein-Marcuschamer and Stephanopoulos presented a metric based on the quantification of phenotypic diversity to evaluate strain improvement approaches (14).New approaches of inducing mutagenesis emerged with the development of biotechnology, and of these new approaches, spaceflight-induced mutagenesis has led to great progress in strain improvement (6,15,26). In outer space, cosmic rays, high vacuum, intense magnetic field, and microgravity induced chromosomal aberrations, which lead to genetic mutations in microorganisms (13). However, it is difficult to carry out spaceflight-induced mutagenesis extensively owing to the limitations of high cost and few chances to board spaceships. Therefore, ground-based simulated experiments have greater practical significance, and high-magnetogravity experiments are a good choice to simulate the space environment (16).Avermectins and its analogues, produced by Streptomyces avermitilis, are major commercial antiparasitic agents for animal health, agriculture, and human infections (7). A variety of mutagenesis methods have been developed to increase the productivity of S. avermitilis (18,19,(21)(22)(23)25). Though most of them can produce higher mutation rates, the potential of their success in strain improvement is different.In this study, mutant libraries of S. avermitilis strains were constructed by three mutagenesis-inducing strategies: UV, Nmethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG), and high-magnetogravitational environment (HMGE). For each population, the distribution of average phenotypic distance was calculated on the basis of the modified version (15) of the metric of Klein-Marcuschamer and Stephanopoulos (14). The mutation rate was also calculated. A good correlation between the distribution of average phenotypic distance and the percent improvement was found and analyzed. In this way, the potential to produce mutations among different induced-mutagenesis approaches was evaluated to find the most effective one for S. avermitilis.The industrial avermectin-producing S. avermitilis 3-115 strain and the mutants derived from strain 3-115 were grown on YMG agar medium (10). For diversity quantification and preliminary screening, fermentation was carried out in highthroughput format at 28°C. For confirmation of results and secondary screening, mutants that exhibited a higher yield than the wild-type strain were inoculated i...

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Effects of large gradient high magnetic field (LG‐HMF) on the long‐term culture of aquatic organisms: Planarians example

Zhai

et al. 2018

Bioelectromagnetics

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Large gradient high magnetic field (LG-HMF) is a powerful tool to study the effects of altered gravity on organisms. In our study, a platform for the long-term culture of aquatic organisms was designed based on a special superconducting magnet with an LG-HMF, which can provide three apparent gravity levels (µ g, 1 g, and 2 g), along with a control condition on the ground. Planarians, Dugesia japonica, were head-amputated and cultured for 5 days in a platform for head reconstruction. After planarian head regeneration, all samples were taken out from the superconducting magnet for a behavioral test under geomagnetic field and normal gravity conditions. To analyze differences among the four groups, four aspects of the planarians were considered, including head regeneration rate, phototaxis response, locomotor velocity, and righting behavior. Data showed that there was no significant difference in the planarian head regeneration rate under simulated altered gravity. According to statistical analysis of the behavioral test, all of the groups had normal functioning of the phototaxis response, while the planarians that underwent head reconstruction under the microgravity environment had significantly slower locomotor velocity and spent more time in righting behavior. Furthermore, histological staining and immunohistochemistry results helped us reveal that the locomotor system of planarians was affected by the simulated microgravity environment. We further demonstrated that the circular muscle of the planarians was weakened (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and the epithelial cilia of the planarians were reduced (anti-acetylated tubulin staining) under the simulated microgravity environment. Bioelectromagnetics. 2018;39:428-440. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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A containerless levitation setup for liquid processing in a superconducting magnet

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

An Overview of Hardware for Protein Crystallization in a Magnetic Field

An Overview of Hardware for Protein Crystallization in a Magnetic Field

Assessing the Potential of an Induced-Mutation Strategy for Avermectin Overproducers

Effects of large gradient high magnetic field (LG‐HMF) on the long‐term culture of aquatic organisms: Planarians example

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