A contemporary approach to carbonate matrix acidizing

Garrouch, Ali A.; Jennings, A.R.

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2017.08.045

Cited by 58 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This makes achieving uniform stimulation and stable production levels a challenging task. To overcome these issues, diversion techniques have been developed with the aim of achieving effective placement of the stimulation fluids, creating a deep and uniform network with highly conductive flow paths (wormholes) between the reservoir and the wellbore, without causing reservoir damage (Asiri et al 2013;Bukovac et al 2012;Cohen et al 2010;Garrouch and Jennings 2017;Ghommem et al 2015;Kam et al 2007;Qiu et al 2018;Siddiqui et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the completion and financial constraints, chemical diverters such as self-diverting acids (SDA) and viscoelastic diverting acid (VDA) (Schlumberger 2018b) are commonly used in carbonate acid stimulation. The use of these fluids has shown great potential for improving acid placement in carbonate reservoirs due to the rheological properties of the fluids that enable self-diversion to zones of lower injectivity (Asiri et al 2013;Bukovac et al 2012;Cohen et al 2010;Garrouch and Jennings 2017). The SDA is a polymer-based in situ gelled acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The narrow pH window limits the controllability of the SDA and therefore restricts its efficiency and its broad use. Moreover, polymer-based diverters leave residue after the gels break, potentially compromising the stimulation result by damaging the matrix or the surface of the wormholes, especially if the volume is improperly designed (Garrouch and Jennings 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome the residue issue associated with polymerbased diverters, the viscoelastic surfactant-based diverting acid (VDA) was developed and introduced to the field (Garrouch and Jennings 2017). The viscosity increase in the VDA relies on the byproduct of the acid reaction with the formation rather than the fluid pH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of fiber bridging in fluid flow for well stimulation applications

et al. 2019

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Accurate acid placement constitutes a major concern in matrix stimulation because the acid tends to penetrate the zones of least resistance while leaving the low-permeability regions of the formation untreated. Degradable materials (fibers and solid particles) have recently shown a good capability as fluid diversion to overcome the issues related to matrix stimulation. Despite the success achieved in the recent acid stimulation jobs stemming from the use of some products that rely on fiber flocculation as the main diverting mechanism, it was observed that the volume of the base fluid and the loading of the particles are not optimized. The current industry lacks a scientific design guideline because the used methodology is based on experience or empirical studies in a particular area with a particular product. It is important then to understand the fundamentals of how acid diversion works in carbonates with different diverting mechanisms and diverters. Mathematical modeling and computer simulations are effective tools to develop this understanding and are efficiently applied to new product development, new applications of existing products or usage optimization. In this work, we develop a numerical model to study fiber dynamics in fluid flow. We employ a discrete element method in which the fibers are represented by multi-rigid-body systems of interconnected spheres. The discrete fiber model is coupled with a fluid flow solver to account for the inherent simultaneous interactions. The focus of the study is on the tendency for fibers to flocculate and bridge when interacting with suspending fluids and encountering restrictions that can be representative of fractures or wormholes in carbonates. The trends of the dynamic fiber behavior under various operating conditions including fiber loading, flow rate and fluid viscosity obtained from the numerical model show consistency with experimental observations. The present numerical investigation reveals that the bridging capability of the fiber-fluid system can be enhanced by increasing the fiber loading, selecting fibers with higher stiffness, reducing the injection flow rate, reducing the suspending fluid viscosity or increasing the attractive cohesive forces among fibers by using sticky fibers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of fiber bridging in fluid flow for well stimulation applications

et al. 2019

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“…Permeability reduction is also known as wellbore damage, and estimation techniques give engineers the chance to overcome the possible reduction factors which might have potentially devastating effects on the production flow rate. Hence, they would find probable solutions to remove the created damages or by making new alternative paths to flow the fluid conveniently (Garrouch and Jennings 2017;Guimarães et al 2017;Hung et al 1989;Yu et al 2011). Acidizing is the preferable methodology in petroleum industries due to their high applications and their significant compatibility with any types of the reservoir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of acidizing operation performances on the wellbore productivity index enhancement

Rabbani

Davarpanah

Memariani

2018

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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The hydrocarbon fossil fuels are considered as the preferable fuels to provide sufficient energies for industrial purposes. Also, extracting oil from the exploration wells might be a concerning issue in the coming decades, and petroleum engineers push themselves into limits ind novel solutions to enhance the oil recovery factor. Wellbore stimulation procedures exert a profound impact on the current production rate enhancement; respect of the way, reservoir productivity index witnesses a steep rise during the production operation and subsequently would virtually eliminate unnecessary expenditures of other methodologies. Appropriate investigation of acidizing procedures and its significant role in the wellbore production enhancement are utterly dependent on the quality and types of additives, types of acid, acidizing operation and types of formation. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of injected acid in the carbonated reservoir and subsequently its comparison with the acidizing operations model. Therefore, available well-testing experiments are administered to determine the critical reservoir parameters such as skin factor, reservoir pressure, and permeability. Since then by modeling the wellbore condition in the acidizing operation simulator software, the impact of acidizing on the reservoir is simulated. Consequently, the provided information from software is compared with the real data from well-testing operations. As a result, productivity index is increased dramatically owing to successful acidizing procedures.

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Research on high efficiency and retarded autogenous mud acid for plugging removal in a sandstone reservoir—Example of Bai 823 well area

Li,

Yang,

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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Acidification, as an effective measure to remove blockages and restore oil well productivity, has received widespread concern. However, conventional acid systems can only be used to unblock near‐wellbore zones and are difficult to act on far‐wellbore reservoirs. In this article, scanning electron microscope, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscope, and X‐ray diffractometer were used to analyze the blockages in the Bai 823 well area, and it was determined that their main components were CaCO3 and FeCO3, which provided the basis for the construction of the unblocking formula. Then, the acid dissolution experiments on the plugging materials showed that the dissolution rate of 10% HCl can reach more than 85% for the scale sample; the acid dissolution experiments on the rock sample showed that the autogenous mud acid has better dissolution performance and better retardation performance for the rock sample, and the effective action time is longer, so it can be used for deeper unplugging of the reservoir. Finally, the process parameters such as the optimal acid concentration, acid dosage, and discharge volume were optimized by establishing the fracture‐matrix acid flow reaction model. Research results indicate that the autogenous mud acid can act on the blockage in the far‐wellbore area to improve the acidification effect.

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A contemporary approach to carbonate matrix acidizing

Cited by 58 publications

References 11 publications

Modeling of fiber bridging in fluid flow for well stimulation applications

Modeling of fiber bridging in fluid flow for well stimulation applications

An experimental study of acidizing operation performances on the wellbore productivity index enhancement

Research on high efficiency and retarded autogenous mud acid for plugging removal in a sandstone reservoir—Example of Bai 823 well area

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