A contemporary review of obstructive sleep apnea

Ralls, Frank M.; Cutchen, Lisa

doi:10.1097/mcp.0000000000000623

Cited by 70 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 99 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Obstructive Sleep Apnea is one of the most common types of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) (1)(2)(3). It is characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse during sleep, often leading to repeated awakening, sleep fragmentation, and reduced slowwave sleep (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG Power Spectral Analysis of Abnormal Cortical Activations During REM/NREM Sleep in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Liu

Shen

et al. 2021

Front. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To characterize electroencephalogram (EEG) power in different frequency bands during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods: Retrospective data on 151 patients were collected and divided into three groups: primary snoring group (AHI < 5/h), mild-moderate OSA group (6 ≤ AHI < 30/h), and severe OSA group (AHI ≥ 30/h). EEG recordings in the frontal, central, and occipital regions were extracted from both REM and NREM sleep, to compute the normalized spectral power densities in the delta, theta, alpha, sigma, beta, and gamma frequency bands, using Fast Fourier Transform. Correlations between the computed EEG power and PSG parameters were analyzed.Results: In NREM sleep, elevated normalized power spectral density (PSD) in the delta band was observed in the severe OSA group compared to the other two groups. In contrast, the PSD of the other frequency bands showed a corresponding decrease in the severe OSA group. In REM sleep, similar changes were observed in the frontal region. Delta band PSD was positively correlated with Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) (r = 0.33), longest time of apnea, oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (r = 0.34), percent sleep time below 90% SaO2 (T90%) (r = 0.30), Arousal Index (ArI) (r = 0.29), and negatively correlated with N3%, minimum oxygen saturation (minSaO2).Conclusion: Our findings provide neurophysiological evidence for pathological cortical activation during REM/NREM sleep, which may be associated with the arousals and cognitive impairments in OSA. The technique of power spectral analysis could prove a potentially useful tool in complementing traditional PSG parameters in assessing disease burden to guide therapeutic decisions.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG Power Spectral Analysis of Abnormal Cortical Activations During REM/NREM Sleep in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Liu

Shen

et al. 2021

Front. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…OSA is characterized by apneic episodes and oxygen desaturation, which are ended by brief arousals and the reestablishment of upper airway patency [1]. Since arousal during sleep and oxygen desaturation usually follow apnea and hypopnea, the arousal index and ODI are closely correlated with AHI [1,7], which is defined as the total number of episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour of sleep. The criterion for an episode is that it lasts for more than 10 seconds [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arousal increases sympathetic tone and suppresses the vagal tone, which sustains high blood pressure and rapid heart rate. All those effects play an important role in the occurrence and aggravation of various cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, arrhythmia, stroke, and heart attack [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both the Duration of Apnea and the Number of Apneas Are Important in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Cho

2020

Sleep Med Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Respiratory sleep disorders in adults represent an extensive and heterogeneous group of clinical conditions of varying severity which include snoring, increased upper airway resistance syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), mixed sleep apnea (MSA), and obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ( 1 ). Although sleep apnea (SA) is still an underestimated disease in the world population, it has a high incidence in Western countries ( 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Sleep Apnea and Valvular Heart Diseases

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Although sleep respiratory disorders are known as a relevant source of cardiovascular risk, there is a substantial lack of trials aimed to evaluate the eventual occurrence of associations between sleep apnea (SA) and valvular heart diseases (VHD).Methods: We recruited 411 patients referring to our sleep disorder unit, among which 371 had SA. Ninety-three subjects with SA also suffered from VHD. Physical examination, echocardiography, nocturnal cardio-respiratory monitoring, and laboratory tests were performed in each patient. Patient subgroups were comparatively evaluated through cross-sectional analysis.Results: A statistically significant increase in the prevalence of VHD was detected in relation to high apnea hypopnea index (AHI) values (p = 0.011). Obstructive sleep apnea occurrence was higher in SA patients without VHD (p < 0.0001). Conversely, central and mixed sleep apneas were more frequent among SA patients with VHD (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.002, respectively). We observed a direct correlation between AHI and BMI values (p < 0.0001), as well as between AHI and serum uric acid levels (p < 0.0001), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.0001), and indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume (p < 0.015), respectively. BMI and VHD resulted to be the main predictors of AHI values (p < 0.0001).Conclusions: Our study suggests that a significant association can occur between SA and VHD. It is clinically relevant that when compared to SA patients without VHD, higher frequencies of central and mixed apneas were found in subjects with SA and VHD. Moreover, after elevated BMI, VHD represented the second predictor of AHI values.

show abstract

A contemporary review of obstructive sleep apnea

Cited by 70 publications

References 99 publications

EEG Power Spectral Analysis of Abnormal Cortical Activations During REM/NREM Sleep in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

EEG Power Spectral Analysis of Abnormal Cortical Activations During REM/NREM Sleep in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Both the Duration of Apnea and the Number of Apneas Are Important in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Association Between Sleep Apnea and Valvular Heart Diseases

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About