A contemporary survey on free space optical communication: Potentials, technical challenges, recent advances and research direction

Jahid, Abu; Alsharif, Mohammed H.; Hall, Trevor J.

doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2021.103311

Cited by 168 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 421 publications

(482 reference statements)

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“…A couple of surveys and tutorials related to error-control methods appeared in the literature of FSO communications, which mainly focused on the PHY layer solutions [23]- [34]. Khalighi et al reviewed several PHY layer error-control methods used in FSO-based terrestrial systems, including FEC code, spatial diversity technique, adaptive transmissions, relay-assisted cooperative transmissions, and hybrid FSO/RF schemes in [23].…”

Section: B Relevant Survey/tutorial Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trichili et al [33] provided an up-to-date review of PHY error-control solutions, containing channel coding, diversity, adaptive optics, relay transmission, signal processing techniques, and hybrid FSO/RF, in terrestrial FSO communications. Most recently, Jahid et al [34] conducted a comprehensive survey on several PHY error-control solutions, including aperture averaging, adaptive optics, relay-aided transmissions, channel coding, cooperative diversity, and hybrid FSO/RF schemes, for both terrestrial and space networks. The aforementioned surveys with regards to error-control methods are summarized at a glance in Table II, which allows readers to capture the major Table III: Existing surveys/tutorials relating to link-layer retransmission protocols.…”

Section: B Relevant Survey/tutorial Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the time of writing this paper, we realized that a detailed survey of link-layer error-control solutions and their cross-layer design is not available in the literature of FSO communications. Although these issues were briefly discussed in [24], [26], [34], these studies lack a comprehensive/indepth survey/tutorial for the issues because their main focus was the PHY error-control methods. In addition, among linklayer error-control solutions, retransmission-based methods, including ARQ and HARQ, have more degrees of freedom than ECC, making them a fertile research area in the domain of FSO communications.…”

Section: Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the link-layer retransmission protocols have been widely surveyed in the literature of RF communications [35]- [43] as summarized in Table III, the adoption of these protocols for RF systems can not be straightforwardly applied to the FSO ones. This is because there exist many fundamental specificities in the transmission protocols, fading channels, and modulation schemes of FSO systems that make them different from RF ones [34]. More explicitly, we have to point out the challenging issues when applying link-layer retransmission protocols in FSO systems compared to the RF ones.…”

Section: Motivations and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note that the conventional uniform error model for RF systems uses the error structure of different frame transmissions that are assumed to be independent [43]. Moreover, as the FSO fading channel models are entirely different from those of RF [34], it would be essential to have a proper protocol design under the atmospheric turbulence conditions in terms of system performance optimizations.…”

Section: Motivations and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Link-Layer Retransmission-Based Error-Control Protocols in FSO Communications: A Survey

Pham

2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Free space optical (FSO) communication has established a reputation for itself capable of delivering high-speed data services over long distances without exhausting radio frequency (RF) resources. FSO communication can be considered in different network scenarios, including inter-satellite/deep-space links, ground-station/vehicles, satellite/aerial links, and terrestrial links. It is expected to be one of the key enabling technologies for the next generation of 6G wireless networks. Nevertheless, despite the great potential of FSO communications, its performance suffers from various limitations and challenges: atmospheric turbulence, clouds, weather conditions, and pointing misalignment. The error-control solutions, including physical layer (PHY) and linklayer methods, aim to mitigate the transmission errors caused by such adverse issues. While the existing surveys on errorcontrol solutions in FSO systems primarily focussed on the PHY methods, we instead provide a review of link-layer solutions. In particular, we conduct an extensive literature survey of state-ofthe-art retransmission protocols, both automatic repeat request (ARQ) and hybrid ARQ (HARQ), for various FSO communication scenarios, including point-to-point terrestrial, cooperative, multi-hop relaying, hybrid FSO/RF, satellite/aerial, and deepspace systems. Furthermore, we provide a survey of recent literature and insightful discussion on the cross-layer design frameworks related to link-layer retransmission protocols in FSO communication networks. Finally, the lessons learned, design guidelines, related open issues, and future research directions are exposed.

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Section: B Relevant Survey/tutorial Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Relevant Survey/tutorial Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivations and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivations and Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Link-Layer Retransmission-Based Error-Control Protocols in FSO Communications: A Survey

Pham

2022

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Assessing the Potential and Limitations of PbS and HgTe Colloidal Quantum Dot Infrared Detectors for Free Space Optical Communication

Zhao,

Yao,

Qiu

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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Free space optical communication with infrared light is a promising secure wireless optical communication technology, where infrared photodetectors are the core component. To date, such applications are based on epitaxial growth narrow‐band semiconductors facing the challenge of large‐area fabrication. Infrared colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are of interest because of the high‐throughput solution processing. Here, large‐area CQD photodetectors with adjustable wavelengths covering 1.3–2.0 µm. For 1 × 1 mm2 CQD photodetector, the response time achieved within 1 µs at room temperature, responded sharply to the 25 kbps PRBS‐7 communication code is demonstrated. For 1.5 × 1.5 cm2 large‐area CQD photodetectors, a communication rate of 2 kbps is achieved. This work is a step toward the CQD application in the field of optical communications.

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MDM‐Incorporated Quad Donut Modes OCDMA‐FSO Scheme for Secure High‐Altitude Platforms‐To‐Satellite Scenarios

Kumari,

Mishra

2024

Int J Communication

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The next generation of communication networks is envisioned to be driven by high‐altitude platform (HAP)‐to‐satellite systems. License‐free narrow beam free space optics (FSO) can provide uninterrupted connectivity in satellite‐enabled Internet of Things scenarios. This work proposes a HAP‐to‐satellite hybrid mode division multiplexing–optical code division multiple access (MDM‐OCDMA) scheme employing zero cross‐correlation (ZCC) and multidiagonal (MD) codes. In high‐speed satellite communications, a 12 × 10‐Gbps hybrid MDM‐OCDMA scheme carrying four donut modes (0, 1, 2, and 3) enables high channel capacity, sufficient spectral efficiency, and data security under severe link conditions. Based on simulations, the hybrid MDM‐OCDMA scheme using the ZCC code achieves a greater FSO link distance of 420 m compared with when using the MD code at a 10e‐9 error correction limit under clear air and weak turbulent scenario. The reliable transmission distance of 250 m is achievable with the 120‐Gbps proposed system, assuming pointing errors of 2 mrad, 1‐dB receiver, and 2.5‐dB transmitter losses. The results also show that the system can sustain an additional loss of 1.5–2 dB over 250 m for all donut modes. Additionally, the system using ZCC code contributes to low power consumption over MD and variable weight ZCC code and thus requires a minimum received power of −4.02 dBm. It also offers high optical signal to noise of 42–52 dB, −11.58 to −22.20 dB of gain, 11.58–22.20 dB of noise figure, and −48.11 to −58.73 dBm of signal power at output over 200–700 m range up to 2 dB of additional loss. Comparative analysis indicates that the proposed system is more efficient, less complex, adequately distance‐friendly (=420 m), and capable of higher data rates (=120 Gbps) compared with other works. This makes it a promising solution for future high‐speed satellite communications considering the impact of link losses and atmospheric conditions.

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A contemporary survey on free space optical communication: Potentials, technical challenges, recent advances and research direction

Cited by 168 publications

References 421 publications

Link-Layer Retransmission-Based Error-Control Protocols in FSO Communications: A Survey

Link-Layer Retransmission-Based Error-Control Protocols in FSO Communications: A Survey

Assessing the Potential and Limitations of PbS and HgTe Colloidal Quantum Dot Infrared Detectors for Free Space Optical Communication

MDM‐Incorporated Quad Donut Modes OCDMA‐FSO Scheme for Secure High‐Altitude Platforms‐To‐Satellite Scenarios

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