A Continuous Source of Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms

Chikkatur, A. P.; Shin, Yeong Gil; Leanhardt, Aaron; Kielpinski, David; Tsikata, Edem; Gustavson, T. L.; Pritchard, David E.; Ketterle, Wolfgang

doi:10.1126/science.296.5576.2193

Cited by 114 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In accordance with a recent experiment [13], we found that it is possible to create a single condensate with larger condensate fraction and a unique zero relative phase between the initial condensate modes. By examining the energy spectrum of the Hamiltonian under the two-mode approximation, the process can be understood both within and without the adiabatic limit.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Experimentally, for the cigar-shaped condensates, it is much better to merge them along the radial direction [13]. The reason is that we have assumed that the density profile of the atoms can adiabatically follow the movements of the traps to validate the two-mode model.…”

Section: Comparison Of Different Merging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The typical evolution of U (t) and J (t) are shown in Fig. 5(a-b) with σ z = 10σ ρ , following the experimental conditions [13]. Although in real experiments the total atom number is normally on the order of ∼ 10 6 , in numerical simulations, due to the limited computation speed, we can only deal with moderate atom numbers with N ∼ 10 2 .…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Of the Merging Dynamics Of Two Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We should also point out that the non-adiabatic merging considered in this paper, which is based on the parameters of the experiment [13], is not an abrupt connection of the two condensates. In the latter case, a unique relative phase cannot be established without careful consideration of dissipation [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…When we overlap the two traps, the degenerate ground states evolve into a single eigenstate corresponding to a single condensate with a unique relative phase between the two initial components. While the adiabatic limit requires very slow merging, the real experiment is actually performed far from that limit [13]. In this case, the atoms will slip from the ground state to all the nearby eigenstates, and one would not expect to get a single condensate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adiabatic and nonadiabatic merging of independent Bose-Einstein condensates

Duan

2005

Phys. Rev. A

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Motivated by a recent experiment [Chikkatur et al. Science, 296, 2193] on the merging of atomic condensates, we investigate how two independent condensates with random initial phases can develop a unique relative phase when we move them together. In the adiabatic limit, the uniting of independent condensates can be understood from the eigenstate evolution of the governing Hamiltonian, which maps degenerate states (corresponding to fragmented condensates) to a single state (corresponding to a united condensate) . In the non-adiabatic limit corresponding to the practical experimental configurations, we give an explanation on why we can still get a large condensate fraction with a unique relative phase. Detailed numerical simulations are then performed for the non-adiabatic merging of the condensates, which confirm our explanation and qualitative estimation. The results may have interesting implications for realizing a continuous atom laser based on merging of condensates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Comparison Of Different Merging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Simulation Of the Merging Dynamics Of Two Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adiabatic and nonadiabatic merging of independent Bose-Einstein condensates

Duan

2005

Phys. Rev. A

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Experiments with Cold Atoms

Dalibard¹,

Salomon²

2004

Poincaré Seminar 2003

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Enhanced Optical and Electric Manipulation of a Quantum Gas of KRb Molecules

Covey¹

2018

Springer Theses

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Reens on the OH Stark decellerator for invaluable advice on AC and DC electric fields.We have also had a very fruitful collaboration with Ana Maria Rey's group. In particular we worked with Michael Foss-Feig and Kaden Hazzard in the early years, and more recently Michael Wall, Martin Garttner, Arghavan Safavi-Naini, and Bihui Zhu. They have all done an excellent job being aware of what our experiment is capable of, and giving us space when we need to address technical issues. We attempted the spin-exchange measurements after Kaden and Ana Maria suggested that we would be able to observe them in the lattice even at our relatively low filling fraction at that time.The JILA instrument shop played a very significant role in much of the work in this thesis, and I have spent a lot of time working with Tracy Keep, Kels Detra, Kim Hagen, Blaine Horner, Todd Asnicar, and Hans Greene. Tracy made the primary contributions to the new apparatus, and was very helpful along the entire journey to address every problem that emerged. A lot can change in six years, and the JILA instrument shop during my PhD is an excellent example of that. Tracy recently passed away after battling with cancer. Kels left JILA a few years ago. Blaine recently retired. Nevertheless, the JILA instrument shops remains an incredible resource.The JILA electronics shop and computing team have been invaluable to our experiment.Terry Brown and Carl Sauer are always available to help us with any electrical or electronics problem, particularly high voltage or AC circuits. Their expertise has played a significant role in the electronics of the new apparatus, such as the servos for large electric fields and the rf and microwave coils for K and Rb spin flips. J. R. Raith in computing has been very helpful with all of our computing needs over the years.On a more personal note, I am thankful to Dan Gresh (Cornell group, eEDM experiment, JILA) for his friendship over the past six years, and for teaching me the art of powerlifting. I viii am also grateful to Rory Barton-Grimley (Aerospace Eng., CU-Boulder) for his friendship and for getting me back into hockey. I have enjoyed playing with him and Carrie Weidner, Seth Caliga, and Cam Straatsma (Anderson group, JILA) over the past several years. I would also like to thank my family for their constant support over the past six years, especially my fiancé Jennifer. 7.5 The electric field orientations that are possible with the electrode configuration of the new apparatus .

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A Continuous Source of Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms

Cited by 114 publications

References 19 publications

Adiabatic and nonadiabatic merging of independent Bose-Einstein condensates

Adiabatic and nonadiabatic merging of independent Bose-Einstein condensates

Experiments with Cold Atoms

Enhanced Optical and Electric Manipulation of a Quantum Gas of KRb Molecules

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