A continuous-wave and pulsed electron spin resonance spectrometer operating at 275GHz

Annulled van der Waals interaction and fast Rydberg quantum gates

“…In this case 2π/B determines the quantum gate operation time, and as shown below, leads to C Z gate operation times of tens of ns. Accessing this regime with high fidelity requires high-frequency microwave sources in the range 100 to 200 GHz, such as those employed in studies of electron paramagnetic resonance [26][27][28][29][30]. Stabilization of the qubit to radiative decay may be performed by mapping |1 to an electronic ground state |1 by a laser pulse.…”

High-Frequency EPR Instrumentation

“…Obviously, the dimensions decrease as the frequency increases, and its mechanical construction becomes proportionally challenging. Currently, the record is set at 275 GHz, as demonstrated by Schmidt et al [39,82]. The single-mode resonator has the highest possible power conversion ratio.…”

“…At 180 GHz, this is 20 mW (Q = 1500) [38]. For 360 GHz, only 4 mW would be needed for a 50 ns p/2 pulse (Q = 1500) [39]. Several coupling schemes are described.…”

“…This concept will complicate the layout of the bridge considerably, since both RF and LO signals need separate quasi-optical paths. This principle was applied in the pulsed EPR bridge at 275 GHz by Schmidt et al [39,82]. Similar schemes were employed in the multi-frequency bridges operating at 120 and 240 GHz developed by van Tol et al [41,81] and Reijerse et al [42].…”

“…To control these high powers and maintain a very short system dead-time, advanced quasioptical techniques have proven to be essential [36,37]. Also pulsed EPR at frequencies higher than 150 GHz (using quasi-optical spectrometers) is being pursued in an increasing number of laboratories [38][39][40][41][42].…”