A contract on American's children.

Miller, Carolee

doi:10.2105/ajph.86.4.473

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…Cutler, Huang and Lleras-Muney (2015) explained the reasons for different results related with education level and health rates of societies finding the relation between unemployment rates upon the graduation period of people. According to Miller (1996), family planning education to protect adolescents from unintended pregnancies, parental education, increasing the number of early childhood programs in support of working women, and new legal regulations to prevent young people from guns, fireworks, and bicycle accidents were all responses to 86 percent increase in the death rate between the years 1968 and 1992. However, Miller also pointed out that not one single approach would suffice; educational programs, protective public health services, legal regulations, and fiscal supports should be used collectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Health Education

Aydın¹

2016

EJER

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In 2017 and 2018, engineering applications and design process were given weight to with the updates carried out in the Physical Sciences Lesson Curriculum in Turkey. For the STEM education which is at the center of this update to reach its target, it is highly important that students accurately learn what engineers do, what their work field is, the characteristics they should carry and understand the nature of engineering. The present study aims to identify the perception of engineers of 5th, 6th and 7th grade middle school students through drawings. Research Methods: The study group of this research which is a descriptive

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Health Education

Aydın¹

2016

EJER

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Economic analysis of injury prevention – applying results and methodologies from cost-of-injury studies

Nilsén¹,

Hudson²,

Lindqvist³

2006

International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion

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Injuries pose an economic problem of immense proportion to communities in every society. The economic burden from injuries can be quantified through cost-of-injury studies, using techniques adopted from cost-of-illness research. This study explores the feasibility of applying results and methodologies from existing cost-of-injury studies in economic analyses of injury prevention interventions and programmes. The literature on cost-of-injury studies and economic appraisals of injury prevention efforts was examined to elicit studies that calculated injury costs. Studies were accepted for inclusion if they included an analysis of the costs of all injuries occurring in a geographical area (community, region or country) during a specific time period, employed a societal perspective and an incidence-based costing approach and were conducted in industrialized countries. There were 12 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The average total cost per injury case was USD $3536, while the average share of indirect to total cost per injury case was 71%. However, the cost figures showed wide variation across the studies. Based on the limited similarity of findings from the studies, it was concluded that it is not feasible to apply results and methodologies from existing cost-of-injury studies. The cost estimators described in this study could possibly be adapted for use as reference points in economic analyses of existing programmes, but any other uses should be approached with caution. Locally obtained data are needed for reliable economic analyses of injury prevention interventions and programmes.

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Role of individual and contextual effects in injury mortality: new evidence from small area analysis

Borrell

Rodriguez²,

Ferrando³

et al. 2002

Inj Prev

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Objective: To analyse the role of individual and contextual variables in injury mortality inequalities from a small area analysis perspective, looking at the data for the city of Barcelona (Spain) for 1992-98. Setting: Barcelona (Spain). Methods: All injury deaths in residents older than 19, which occurred in the period 1992-98 were included (n=4393). Age and sex specific mortality rates were calculated for each educational level and each cause of death (traffic injuries, falls, drug overdose, suicide, other injuries). The contextual variables included were the proportion of men unemployed, and the proportion of men in jail, in each neighbourhood. Multilevel Poisson regression models were fitted using data grouped by age, educational level, and neighbourhood for each sex. Results: Death rates were higher in males, at the extremes of the age distribution (under 44 and over 74 years), and for lower educational levels. The results of the Poisson multilevel models indicate that inequalities by educational level follow a gradient, with higher risks for the population with no schooling, after having adjusted for the contextual variables of the neighbourhood. Such inequalities were more important in the youngest age group (20-34 years), as relative risk of 5.41 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9 to 7.4) for all injury causes in males and 4.38 (95% CI 2.3 to 8.4) in females. The highest relative risks were found for drug overdose. There was a contextual neighbourhood effect (the higher the deprivation, the higher the mortality) after having taken into account individual variables. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need to implement injury prevention strategies not only at the individual level taking into account socioeconomic position, but also at the neighbourhood level.A lthough the study of social inequalities in health has been broadened since the 1980s, inequalities in injuries have been studied somewhat less, 1 and most studies focus on children and the young. These show the existence of socioeconomic inequalities in injury mortality and morbidity, with the less privileged classes consistently showing higher injury rates. 2-11

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A contract on American's children.

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Protective Health Education

Protective Health Education

Economic analysis of injury prevention – applying results and methodologies from cost-of-injury studies

Role of individual and contextual effects in injury mortality: new evidence from small area analysis

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