A contribution to environmentally friendly winter road maintenance: Optimizing road de-icing

Kramberger, Tomaž; Žerovnik, Janez

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2008.03.007

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For example, many municipalities have salt management plans that include a strategy for minimizing road salt usage. Some of these practices include training programs for most effective use, pre-wetting of granular salt to maximize salt retention on paved surfaces, applicators that are calibrated and vary by groundspeed, anti-icing that reduces bonding between snow and pavement and makes plowing more effective, and more efficient predictions of icing conditions to inform deicing activities (Kramberger and Zerovnik, 2008;Fay et al, 2013). In addition, there are a number of alternative chemicals that have been used.…”

Section: Salt Management and Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

River chloride trends in snow-affected urban watersheds: increasing concentrations outpace urban growth rate and are common among all seasons

Corsi

DeCicco

Lutz

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

223

158

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Chloride concentrations in northern U.S. included in this study have increased substantially over time with average concentrations approximately doubling from 1990 to 2011, outpacing the rate of urbanization in the northern U.S. Historical data were examined for 30 monitoring sites on 19 streams that had chloride concentration and flow records of 18 to 49 years. Chloride concentrations in most studied streams increased in all seasons (13 of 19 in all seasons; 16 of 19 during winter); maximum concentrations occurred during winter. Increasing concentrations during non-deicing periods suggest that chloride was stored in hydrologic reservoirs, such as the shallow groundwater system, during the winter and slowly released in baseflow throughout the year. Streamflow dependency was also observed with chloride concentrations increasing as streamflow decreased, a result of dilution during rainfall- and snowmelt-induced high-flow periods. The influence of chloride on aquatic life increased with time; 29% of sites studied exceeded the concentration for the USEPA chronic water quality criteria of 230 mg/L by an average of more than 100 individual days per year during 2006-2011. The rapid rate of chloride concentration increase in these streams is likely due to a combination of possible increased road salt application rates, increased baseline concentrations, and greater snowfall in the Midwestern U.S. during the latter portion of the study period.

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Section: Salt Management and Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

River chloride trends in snow-affected urban watersheds: increasing concentrations outpace urban growth rate and are common among all seasons

Corsi

DeCicco

Lutz

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

223

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Deicing salt promotes safe winter travel, especially in urban areas with high road densities, but this practice can be costly to the environment. The harmful effects of salt spray from road traffic have been reported by researchers around the world (Rosenberry et al 1999;Godwin et al 2002;Kramberger & Zerovnik 2008;Novotny et al 2008;Helmreich et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The effects of road salt application on the accumulation and speciation of cations and anions in an urban environment

Merrikhpour

Jalali

2012

Water & Environment J

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This study aimed to assess the quality of road runoff in heavy traffic and residential areas of Hamedan province, in the western region of Iran. To investigate the effects of salt pollution, 14 runoff samples were collected from streets during the winter and spring of 2009. Streets received different amounts of deicing salt depending on the traffic density. Results showed that deicing salt has major affects on sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl−), bicarbonate ( HCO 3 − ), sulfate ( SO 4 2 − ) and phosphate ( PO 4 3 − ) pollution. This is important because this type of watercourse contamination can lead to serious problems, such as eutrophication. We also found an increase in lead (Pb2+) concentration, which was not attributable to the application of deicing agents, but that was due to the combustion of leaded gasoline. Speciation of Ca, Mg, Pb and P chemical species in the samples was calculated using Visual Minteq 2.6 program. The results indicated that Ca and Mg were mainly present as free ions, Pb was mainly present as PbCO3 (aq), while the dominant P species were HPO 4 2 − and normalH 2 PO 4 − .

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“…In general, it seems that river basins can remove 35-50% of chemical de-icing materials by surface runoffs, while the remaining portion of the chemicals accumulates until steady concentrations are reached in subsurface water levels (Meriano et al, 2009). The amount of chlorides in surface water and groundwater has increased in recent decades along with the increasing use of de-icing salts during the winter seasons (Kramberger, Žerovnik, 2008;Ostendorf et al, 2009;Prosser et al, 2017). Surface water affected by chemical de-icing materials, as well as soil, has a higher alkalinity than the water of the background sites (Aghazadeh et al, 2012;Bäckström et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chlorides from Chemical De-Icing Agents on Soil Contamination Depending on the Distance from Road and its Effects on Living Organisms

Jandová

Bucková

Hegrová

et al. 2020

Ekológia (Bratislava)

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The article deals with the contamination of soil in the vicinity of the D1 motorway caused by the application of chemical de-icing agents in winter. In the selected area, during a period of one year (from October 2017 to October 2018), soil samples were regularly collected once a month at five different distances from the road. Chloride concentrations in aqueous extracts of the soil were monitored and the degree of toxicity was established for the selected living organisms. The resulting chloride load was evaluated with respect to the precipitation activity and the amount of de-icing salt applied in the area. The highest concentrations of chlorides were found at a distance of 2 m from the road. At the distance of 20 m from the road, the concentration of chlorides in the soil was approaching the chloride concentration found in the referential background set for the selected locality. The concentrations of chlorides at the first three measured distances from the road corresponded to the quantity of de-icing salt applied and the precipitation activity recorded during the relevant months. The maximum concentrations were reached in April 2018. Ecotoxicological testing of aqueous extracts of soil did not confirm any significant toxicity to the selected living organisms. From the tested organisms, the white mustard was identified to be the most sensitive to this type of toxicity; the increased toxicity was observed only for aqueous extracts of soil samples collected at distances dI (0 m) and dII (1 m), thus, it could have been related to the increased concentration of chlorides during the relevant period.

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A contribution to environmentally friendly winter road maintenance: Optimizing road de-icing

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

River chloride trends in snow-affected urban watersheds: increasing concentrations outpace urban growth rate and are common among all seasons

River chloride trends in snow-affected urban watersheds: increasing concentrations outpace urban growth rate and are common among all seasons

The effects of road salt application on the accumulation and speciation of cations and anions in an urban environment

Effect of Chlorides from Chemical De-Icing Agents on Soil Contamination Depending on the Distance from Road and its Effects on Living Organisms

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