A Contribution to Safe Railway Operation: Evaluating the Effect of Electromagnetic Disturbances on Balise-to-BTM Communication in Railway Control Signaling Systems

Franco, David; Aguado, Marina; Pinedo, Christian; López, Igor Filibi; Adin, Iñigo; Mendizábal, Jaizki

doi:10.1109/mvt.2021.3051567

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Jamming from other illegal anonymous communications networks is a real threat highlighted in the EU SECRET project [15]. Several solutions were proposed in [16], [17].…”

Section: ) Harsh Environment and Extreme Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Layer Enhancement for Next-Generation Railway Communication Systems

Sibel

Berbineau

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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This paper presents an overview of the challenges and state-of-the-art physical layer enhancement designs for next-generation railway communication, also known as high-speed train (HST) communication. The physical layer design for the HST should adapt from its counterpart in the generalpurpose network because of the harsh propagation environment and extreme conditions, stringent latency and reliability requirements of dedicated railway applications, and frequency band scarcity caused by regulation. In this survey, we examine how conventional multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) family techniques such as beamforming, multi-cell MIMO, and relays can enhance the physical layer performance for HST. Physical layer enhancement assisted by novel reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology was also analyzed from different perspectives. Dedicated control channels, reference signals, waveforms, and numerology designs for train-to-infrastructure (T2I) and train-to-train (T2T) communication in sidelinks are also reviewed. Finally, a brief introduction to artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML)-aided HST physical layer design is provided. Several promising research avenues have also been suggested.

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“…Jamming from other illegal anonymous communications networks is a real threat highlighted in the EU SECRET project [15]. Several solutions were proposed in [16], [17].…”

Section: ) Harsh Environment and Extreme Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Layer Enhancement for Next-Generation Railway Communication Systems

Sibel

Berbineau

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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“…This model aims to quantify the effect of communication quality degradation on the efficiency of railway operation and obtain performance indicators of the physical layer. 10,11 An inductive coupling model is used to analyze the dynamic transmission performance based on the electromagnetic field theory, and some mathematic equations are derived to describe the performance of the Balise over its entire transmission link. 12,13 The equivalent circuit models are proposed to analyze the mutual inductance and complex environmental adaptability that first utilize the equivalent circuit for inductive process and is promising for various environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A magnetic field-circuit coupling model for functionality and interface simulation test of railway Balise

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2023

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Railway Balise is widely used in the Balise-based train control system to provide accurate location information for the safe operation of trains. In order to evaluate and analyze the functionality and interface test of a new designed Balise more rigorously and accurately, this paper build a magnetic field-circuit coupling model to quantify the internal physical function and external interface performance of the Balise. Based on the electromagnetic field theory, the down-link and up-link magnetic field models were set up which describes the relationship between the Balise and the test antenna. Then based on the equivalent circuit model, the energy conversion circuit model and the data transmission circuit model were derived, and the complete coupling model is established for functionality and interface simulation tests. Moreover, the physical behavior and interface characteristic of Balise in different situations are validated and analyzed, followed by the analysis of magnetic field conformity, I/O characteristics, impedance, start-up behavior, and up-link signal characteristics. The results show the start-up time of the Balise functionality test decreases with increasing down-link magnetic field. Furthermore, Balise impedance can be used as a new dynamic detection parameter of the Balise. Finally, the down-link magnetic field will slightly affect the uplink signal characteristics.

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“…When a train passes by, the BTM releases a signal through an antenna, to activate the passive balise and exchange information. Many studies have focused on the onboard hardware BTM [7][8][9], but there has been very little research on ground systems, especially balises. Current railway balises are typically constructed at the board level and entail the extensive utilization of discrete components, which leads to relatively low stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 62 ppm MDR Deviation and Sub-250 ns MTIE Railway Balise

Li,

Shan,

Wei

et al. 2023

Electronics

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A balise is a specialized device utilized for train communication and control. However, existing balises are composed of separate components, resulting in high production costs, low integration, and significant room for improvement in stability. We propose an integrated solution, to enhance the integration of balises, reducing the number of discrete components. Additionally, we propose a feedback-enabled energy extraction circuit with a limiter-based startup circuit, to enhance the stability of the balise system. The prototype was fabricated using 180 nm high voltage(HV) complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) technology. Once implemented in the balise, the number of discrete components in the system is reduced by 25%, and the system can start up within 20 ms and operate stably. The mean data rate (MDR) deviation of the balise is only 62 ppm, which is 69% lower than that specified in the test specification for the Eurobalise form–fit–function interface specification (FFFIS), and the maximum time interval error (MTIE) is less than 250 ns.

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A Contribution to Safe Railway Operation: Evaluating the Effect of Electromagnetic Disturbances on Balise-to-BTM Communication in Railway Control Signaling Systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Physical Layer Enhancement for Next-Generation Railway Communication Systems

Physical Layer Enhancement for Next-Generation Railway Communication Systems

A magnetic field-circuit coupling model for functionality and interface simulation test of railway Balise

A 62 ppm MDR Deviation and Sub-250 ns MTIE Railway Balise

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