A contribution to the physiology of the fresh-water sponges (Spongillidae)

Trigt, Herman van.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.63152

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…To avoid misinterpretations, only gemmules and archeocytes were usually taken for investigation of endosymbionts in sponges (Williamson 1979 , Masuda 1985 , 1990 ; Handa et al 2006 , Chernogor et al 2013 ). Van Trigt ( 1919 ) and van Weel ( 1949 ) identified endosymbionts of freshwater sponges as members of polyphyletic genus Pleurococcus . Lewin ( 1966 ) isolated several strains of endosymbionts of Spongilla lacustris and designated them as unidentified species of Chlorella .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choricystis and Lewiniosphaera gen. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae Chlorophyta), two different green algal endosymbionts in freshwater sponges

Pröschold

Darienko

2020

Symbiosis

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Associations of freshwater sponges with coccoid green algae have been known for a long time. Two types of coccoid green algae, which are commonly assigned as zoochlorellae, are recognized by morphology: small coccoids (< 3 μm) without pyrenoids and larger Chlorella-like algae (4–6 μm) with pyrenoids. Despite their wide distribution in some freshwater sponges, these green algae were never studied using a combined analysis of morphology and molecular phylogeny. We investigated several endosymbiotic strains isolated from different Spongilla species, which were available in culture collections. Phylogenetic analyses of SSU and ITS rDNA sequences revealed that the strain SAG 211-40a is a member of the Chlorellaceae and represents a new species of the newly erected genus Lewiniosphaera, L symbiontica. The phylogenetic position was confirmed by morphology and ITS-2 barcode. The endosymbionts without pyrenoid were identified as Choricystis parasitica by morphology and phylogenetic analyses. The comparison with free-living strains revealed the recognition of two new Choricystis species, C. krienitzii and C. limnetica, which were confirmed by molecular signatures in V9 region of SSU rDNA and ITS-2 barcode.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choricystis and Lewiniosphaera gen. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae Chlorophyta), two different green algal endosymbionts in freshwater sponges

Pröschold

Darienko

2020

Symbiosis

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“…In two of the three species, however, the retention rate of armoured cells was strongly correlated to cell size, smaller (2 µm) cells being retained at low levels (20-45%) and larger cells at nearly 100%. Material larger than 5 µm is generally phagocytosed by archaeocytes and collencytes in the inhalant canals (van Trigt, 1919;van Weel, 1949;cited in Reiswig, 1971b).…”

Section: Inferences From Soft-body Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chancelloriids of the Cambrian Burgess Shale

Bengtson

Collins²

2015

Palaeontologia Electronica

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The cactus-like chancelloriids from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale are revised on the basis of Walcott's (1920) original collections and new material containing several hundred specimens collected by Royal Ontario Museum field expeditions from 1975 to 2000. Walcott's interpretation of chancelloriids as sponges was based on a misinterpretation of the dermal coelosclerites as embedded sponge-type spicules, an interpretation that further led to the lumping of three distinct taxa into one species, Chancelloria eros Walcott, 1920. The other two taxa are herein separated from C. eros and described as Allonnia tintinopsis n.sp. and Archiasterella coriacea n.sp., all belonging to the Family Chancelloriidae Walcott, 1920. Chancelloriids were sedentary animals, anchored to shells or lumps of debris in the muddy bottom, or to sponges, or to other chancelloriids. They had a radially symmetrical body and an apical orifice surrounded by a palisade of modified sclerites. Well-preserved integuments in Al. tintinopsis and Ar. coriacea do not show any ostium-like openings. Neither is there any evidence for internal organs, such as a gut. Partly narrowed specimens suggest that the body periodically contracted from the attached end to expel waste material from the body cavity. Chancelloriids were close in organization to cnidarians but shared the character of coelosclerites with the bilaterian halkieriids and siphogonuchitids. The taxon Coeloscleritophora is most likely paraphyletic.

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“…I ) . Only small particles can pass through the pores of the epithelium, which in Spongillu are less than about 80p in diameter ( van Trigt, 1919). Larger particles can, however, be phagocytized directly by the surface epithelium (van Weel, 1949; Kilian, 1952).…”

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Quantitative Aspects of Filter Feeding in Invertebrates

Jørgensen

1955

Biological Reviews

141

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SUMMARY A description is given of the structure and function of the feeding organs in various aquatic invertebrate filter feeders (suspension feeders), especially in such forms as have also been used in experiments on feeding rate, on efficiency of feeding organs in retaining particles of different sizes, etc. Sponges ingest indiscriminately particles with and without food value. Particles that are too big to enter through the pores of the surface may be phagocytized by the cells of the epithelium. In primitive sponges with large flagellated chambers intake and digestion of food particles is mainly performed by the choanocytes, whereas in highly developed sponges a large part of the particles are phagocytized by the walls of the incurrent canals before they reach the flagellated chambers. The tube‐living polychaete Serpulimorpha are suspension feeders. They feed by means of the ciliated branchial crown which surrounds the mouth. The burrowing, tube‐living Chaetopterus variopedatus feeds by filtering water through a mucus bag. A similar feeding method has also been described in Nereis diversicolor. Within the Echiuroidea Urechis caupo likewise feeds by means of a mucus net. The net is attached to the walls of the burrow in which the worm is living. In suspension‐feeding lamellibranchs the gills both propel and filter the water. Most investigators assume that the filtration is performed mainly by the laterofrontal cilia of the gill filaments, whereas MacGinitie states that during normal feeding, water is filtered through sheets of mucus which cover the surfaces of the gills. A variety of sorting devices, especially on the gills, are developed in different lamellibranchs. Sorting is performed according to size, shape and density of particles. Qualitative sorting has, however, also been demonstrated in the oyster. Filter‐feeding habits have been adopted independently by several gastropod families, both sessile and free‐living. As in the lamellibranchs, it is generally the cleansing mechanisms of the unmodified gill and of the mantle cavity that have been developed into food‐collecting mechanisms. In Crepidula and other highly specialized suspension‐feeding Prosobranchia the filtering of the water is performed by mucus sheets, which are continuously carried over the gill surface. In vermetids from still water the importance of the gill as a food‐collecting organ is reduced, but long mucus threads, produced by the pedal gland and floating freely in the water, are used to catch food particles which adhere to the mucus. In suspension‐feeding copepods a filter chamber is enclosed between the ventral body wall and the maxillae which project ventroanteriorly. The maxillae carry long plumose setae extending antero‐medially towards the mouth and forming the lateral walls of the filter chamber. The feeding currents are produced chiefly by rapid vibratory movements of the antennae. Most if not all of the filter‐feeding copepods can feed in other ways too, e.g. by scraping or by catching larger food. Tunicates possessing a branc...

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A contribution to the physiology of the fresh-water sponges (Spongillidae)

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Choricystis and Lewiniosphaera gen. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae Chlorophyta), two different green algal endosymbionts in freshwater sponges

Choricystis and Lewiniosphaera gen. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae Chlorophyta), two different green algal endosymbionts in freshwater sponges

Chancelloriids of the Cambrian Burgess Shale

Quantitative Aspects of Filter Feeding in Invertebrates

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