A Contribution to the Study of War Nephritis

Dunn, John Shaw; McNee, J. W.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.2971.745

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Despite its first reports in the medical literature starting in 1917 described as “war nephritis” [69], AKI research was plagued by inconsistent definitions (as many as 35 different definitions [70]) until the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) published the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage (RIFLE) criteria in 2004 which defined AKI in terms of changes in serum Cr from baseline as well as urine output [1] (Table 1). Baseline Cr must be estimated in patients in which it is not known.…”

Section: Defining Akimentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury in the Intensive Care Unit

Case

Khan

Khalid

et al. 2013

Critical Care Research and Practice

262

223

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The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) has increased during the past decade due to increased acuity as well as increased recognition. Early epidemiology studies were confounded by erratic definitions of AKI until recent consensus guidelines (RIFLE and AKIN) standardized its definition. This paper discusses the incidence of AKI in the ICU with focuses on specific patient populations. The overall incidence of AKI in ICU patients ranges from 20% to 50% with lower incidence seen in elective surgical patients and higher incidence in sepsis patients. The incidence of contrast-induced AKI is less (11.5%–19% of all admissions) than seen in the ICU population at large. AKI represents a significant risk factor for mortality and can be associated with mortality greater than 50%.

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Section: Defining Akimentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury in the Intensive Care Unit

Case

Khan

Khalid

et al. 2013

Critical Care Research and Practice

262

223

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“…Such studies, particularly those of Langhans (1), Lohlein (2), Volhard and Fahr (3), Bell (4), McGregor (5) and others (6,7), have given an accurate account of the pathology of severe acute glomerulonephritis and have formed the present source of textbook description.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis: Histopathologic and Clinical Studies of the Acute, Subsiding Acute and Early Chronic Latent Phases*†

Jennings¹,

Earle²

1961

J. Clin. Invest.

152

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“…5 The main symptoms were breathlessness, swelling of the face or legs, headache, and sore throat. 6 Not surprisingly, the discovery of a previously unknown condition proved to be controversial. There was debate over whether it was a new disease or one already in existence, namely streptococcal nephritis.…”

Section: Symptoms and Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The medical response to trench nephritis in World War One

Atenstaedt

2006

Kidney International

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Around the 90-year anniversary of the Battle of the Somme, it is important to remember the international effort that went into responding to the new diseases, which appeared during the First World War, such as trench nephritis. This condition arose among soldiers in spring 1915, characterized by breathlessness, swelling of the face or legs, headache, sore throat, and the presence of albumin and renal casts in urine. It was speedily investigated by the military-medical authorities. There was debate over whether it was new condition or streptococcal nephritis, and the experts agreed that it was a new condition. The major etiologies proposed were infection, exposure, and diet (including poisons). Research pointed to the origin of the disease as being infective rather than toxic, but no definite cause was discovered. A number of labels were given to the disease, including war nephritis. However, trench nephritis was the one used most widely. Trench nephritis was a serious problem for the Allies, leading to 35 000 casualties in the British and 2000 in the American forces. There were also hundreds of deaths. The condition was treated in line with pre-war regimens designed for acute nephritis. No significant preventative methods were implemented for trench nephritis, as there was no consensus regarding causation. The medical response to trench nephritis was largely ineffective, with medical commentators recognizing that there had been a lack of medical progress.

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A Contribution to the Study of War Nephritis

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury in the Intensive Care Unit

Epidemiology of Acute Kidney Injury in the Intensive Care Unit

Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis: Histopathologic and Clinical Studies of the Acute, Subsiding Acute and Early Chronic Latent Phases*†

The medical response to trench nephritis in World War One

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