A contribution to the study of crystalluria: significance in the diagnosis of metabolic and renal diseases

Abstract

A contribution to the study of crystalluria: significance in the diagnosis of metabolic and renal diseases ABSTRACT The study of crystalluria is of great importance for the detection of substances of endogenous or exogenous origin that are present inthe urine, to a greater or lesser extent. Urinary sediment crystals can provide valuable answers for the assessment of therapeutic efficacy, as well as congenital and/or acquired pathophysiological conditions. The nature of the observed crystals informs the clinician of the biochemical irregularity of the urine. Crystalluria is of clinical significance only if it has been studied under good test conditions (sample selection, time and storage conditions). Crystalluria interpretations are performed on the basis of the urinary pH determined with statistically significant reliability. When studying crystalluria by light microscopy, it is necessary to provide light polarization or bidirectional illuminationin order to reduce the risk of diagnostic error. Keywords:Urine pH, crystalline precipitation, promoters and inhibitors of crystalluria NTRODUCTIONCrystalluria implies the presence of crystals in the urine and appears due to the over-saturation of certain electrolytes and/or certain substances, which are most often caused by metabolic disorders, hereditary diseases or drugs.

Identifikasi Jenis Sel pada Saliva Anjing

“…Kristal adalah senyawa berbentuk geometris yang terbentuk atas mineral. Keberadaan kristal pada sedimen urinbaik pada manusia, anjing maupun kucing memiliki nilai diagnostik yang cukup penting, dimana keberadaanya pada urin dapat menandakan terjadinya over-saturasi elektrolit maupun substansi tertentu yang seringkali disebabkan oleh penyakit metabolik, penyakit menurun maupun obat-obatan (Katica et al, 2020). Selain karena kadar elektrolit yang berlebih, pembentukan kristal juga dipengaruhi oleh pH.…”

“…Dari hasil penelitian yang didapatkan (Gambar 4), kristal yang teramati pada saliva memiliki bentuk menyerupai jarum, yang merupakan salah satu bentuk dari kristal kalsium fosfat (Gambar 4A-4C). Berdasarkan tulisan dari Katica et al (2020), pembentukan kristal kalsium fosfat pada urin terjadi ketika pH urin melampaui nilai 6.5 serta tingginya konsentrasi kalsium dan fosfat pada urin.…”

Microscopic evaluation and Descriptive study of Crystals and Uroliths encountered in the Urinary tract system of Cats and Dogs

“…Uroliths are formed by the combination of many physiological and pathological factors that cause changes in urine composition. These physiological and pathological factors cause saturation of some substances in the urine and their precipitation in the Urinary System (US) [3,5,9,11,16,17,20,24,25].…”