A control oriented low order dynamic model for planar SOFC using minimum Gibbs free energy method

Xi, Handa; Sun, Jing; Tsourapas, Vasilios

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.12.009

Cited by 51 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Indirect internal reformation occurs within unique cells spaced periodically within the stack arrangement. Previous dynamic models of both SOFC and MCFC technologies have developed controls for basic load following operation, but have not captured the spatial resolution or internal heat transfer necessary to resolve spatial temperature gradients [27,28]. Reformation kinetics, described by Achenbach, applies within the anode channels and reformation plates [29].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A spatially resolved physical model for transient system analysis of high temperature fuel cells

McLarty

Brouwer

Samuelsen

2013

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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IntroductionThe U.S. Department of Energy has devoted significant effort towards technological breakthroughs for highly efficient low emission electricity production [1e4]. Rising oil prices, the possibility of carbon taxation, and unnerving dependence on foreign energy sources stimulated the federal government's interest in clean energy sources that can meet new greenhouse gas emission targets. Fuel cells promise the dual benefits of high efficiency energy conversion and extremely low pollutant emissions, but adoption of the technology has been limited by high initial capital costs and lack of market acceptance. The challenges include poor economies of scale in manufacturing due to the relatively high materials costs and surface-area scaling characteristics, the complexity of the balance of plant and control systems, a lack of proven system durability, and operations and maintenance costs. Available online at www.sciencedirect.com journal h om epa ge: www.elsev ier.com/locate/he i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y 3 8 ( 2 0 1 3 ) 7 9 3 5 e7 9 4 6

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A spatially resolved physical model for transient system analysis of high temperature fuel cells

McLarty

Brouwer

Samuelsen

2013

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…In order to explore the dynamic characteristics of the integrated SOFC/GT system, our effort is initially devoted to developing a dynamic model that captures both the steady state and dynamic behavior of the system. The modeling details for components can be found in [1], [11] for the SOFC and in [2], [12]- [14] for the CB, GT, and the integrated system.…”

Section: System Operation Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar maps are integrated for all eight species. This simplification was done based on the results of [11], where it is shown that the reaction kinetics are very fast compared to the temperature dynamics and thus can be ignored.…”

Section: Reduced Order Model and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incremental Step Reference Governor for Load Conditioning of Hybrid Fuel Cell and Gas Turbine Power Plants

Tsourapas

Sun

Stefanopoulou

2009

IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol.

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A hybrid solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine (SOFC/GT) system exploits the complementary features of the two power plants, where the GT recuperates the energy in the SOFC exhaust stream and thereby boosting the overall system efficiency. Through model based transient analysis, however, it is shown that the intricate coupling dynamics make the transient load following very challenging. Power shutdown has been observed when the load is changed abruptly in the generator. In this work, a novel closed-loop reference governor controller is proposed to mitigate the shutdown phenomenon. The reference governor utilizes the region of attraction of a reduced order SOFC/GT model to determine if an incremental step change is allowable, i.e., it does not cause a shutdown. It is shown that with a moderate computational cost, the speed of the hybrid power system response can be improved significantly compared to the fastest conventional load filter. Several design parameters, such as the sampling rate and incremental step-size, are also explored to understand the trade-offs between computational complexity and performance improvement.

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“…The rate of internal reforming reactions in the anode control volume, namely (a), (b) and (c), are modeled as given in Eqn. (9). The rate coefficients κ j and the adsorption constants K q in Eqns.…”

Section: Reformer Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kinetics of steam reforming are modeled based on the experimental results in (4). Other tubular SOFC system models appear in (5), (6), (7) and (8) and models of planar SOFC systems appear in (9) and references therein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observer Design for a Steam Reformer Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System With Anode Recirculation

Das

Mukherjee

2007

Volume 6: Energy Systems: Analysis, Thermodynamics and Sustainability

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In this paper we design an observer for online estimation of species concentrations in a steam reformer based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system with anode recirculation and with methane as fuel. Since in SOFCs steam reforming occurs both in the reformer and in the fuel cell, a large number of concentration sensors are necessary for accurate control of critical performance variables such as utilization and steam-to-carbon-ratio. The purpose of the observer is to reduce the number of sensors required for control. In contrast to existing observers which are either designed for chemical reactors or for fuel cells exclusively, our design considers the coupled dynamics of the reformer and the fuel cell. We design an adaptive observer where the rates of reforming reactions are treated as slowly varying unknown parameters. Using a few concentration sensors we show that all other species concentrations, molar flow rates, and reaction rates in the fuel path can be dynamically estimated. Simulation results are provided in support of the proposed design.

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A control oriented low order dynamic model for planar SOFC using minimum Gibbs free energy method

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

A spatially resolved physical model for transient system analysis of high temperature fuel cells

A spatially resolved physical model for transient system analysis of high temperature fuel cells

Incremental Step Reference Governor for Load Conditioning of Hybrid Fuel Cell and Gas Turbine Power Plants

Observer Design for a Steam Reformer Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System With Anode Recirculation

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