A control strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicles based on extremum seeking

An ABS control algorithm based on extremum seeking is presented in this brief. The optimum slip ratio between the tire patch and the road is searched online without having to estimate road friction conditions. This is achieved by adapting the extremum-seeking algorithm as a self-optimization routine that seeks the peak point of the tire force-slip curve. As an additional novelty, the proposed algorithm incorporates driver steering input into the optimization procedure to determine the operating region of the tires on the "tire force"-"slip ratio" characteristic-curve. The algorithm operates the tires near the peak point of the force-slip curve during straight line braking. When the driver demands lateral motion in addition to braking, the operating regions of the tires are modified automatically, for improving the lateral stability of the vehicle by increasing the tire lateral forces. A validated, full vehicle model is presented and used in a simulation study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Simulation results show the benefits of the proposed ABS controller.Index Terms-ABS control problem, extremum-seeking algorithm (ESA), lateral stability, optimum slip ratio.

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“…1, as long as (6) holds. The proof of this type of ESA can be found in [24]. Condition (6) is the gradient condition.…”

Section: Esa Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Extremum-Seeking Control of ABS Braking in Road Vehicles With Lateral Force Improvement

Dinçmen

Güvenç²,

Acarman

2014

IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol.

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“…As Equations (1)- (4) show, compared to the current braking systems that comprise two independent systems, namely the regenerative and friction braking systems, the novel regenerative-mechanical coupled brake-by-wire system can realize optimal dynamic matching between the regenerative torque and the friction torque and a brake-by-wire coupling of regenerative braking and friction braking. The integration of the entire braking system is considerably improved, and its structure is simplified.…”

Section: Mathematical Model Of the Novel Regenerative-mechanical Coupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research shows that more than half of the braking energy can potentially be used in typical urban driving cycles [3]. Hence, to improve the energy efficiency, regenerative braking and friction braking cooperative systems are widely used in EVs [4]. In a cooperative braking system, two types of regenerative braking control strategies are used: series and parallel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Control Algorithm for the Novel Regenerative–Mechanical Coupled Brake System with by-Wire Based on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization for an Electric Vehicle

Guoye

Gong

et al. 2018

Energies

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Current regenerative braking systems in electric vehicles have several problems, such as complex structures, too many control parameters, and inconsistent braking responses. To solve these problems, a control algorithm with multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is proposed based on the novel regenerative-mechanical coupled brake-by-wire system. A dynamic model of the novel regenerative braking system was established to analyze the mechanism of coupled braking and propose a braking torque distribution strategy. To realize a better balance between the optimum braking stability and the maximum regenerative energy recovery based on the braking torque distribution strategy and sample points, the MDO mathematical model was developed to optimize the control parameters with the collaborative optimization algorithm. The finite sample points comprising the vehicle speed, battery state-of-charge, and braking severity were obtained through an optimal Latin hypercube design and represent the overall design space. A network was established based on the sample points and the optimization results. Using this network, the in-depth characteristics of the sample points and the optimization results were obtained through supervised learning to develop the control algorithm for vehicle braking. A simulation was performed using the normal braking condition, and the simulation results demonstrated that the control algorithm has higher control precision than conventional methods and better real-time performance than online optimization.Energies 2018, 11, 2322 2 of 18 be modulated to control the overall braking torque for meeting the requirements [5]. The regenerative braking torque depends on the motor characteristics [6], the charging power capability of the battery [7], and the available tire-road friction [8]; hence, existing research has focused on improving the braking energy recovery efficiency by distributing the torque between regenerative braking and friction braking based on drivers' demands.In engineering practice, several rule-based regenerative braking strategies have been proposed and used in recent years. For a rear-driven electric truck, a modified control strategy that determines how to distribute the braking force between the front and rear axles was proposed by Zhang to improve the recovery efficiency [9]. Xiao presented an integrated control strategy to coordinate regenerative and friction braking forces to deal with the braking stability and recovery efficiency when a vehicle performed normal deceleration and emergency braking [3]. To regenerate more braking energy and move closer to the ideal braking force distribution curve, a combined braking control strategy was developed for the rear wheel-driven series hybrid electric EV to adjust the proportions of regenerative braking and friction braking [10]. A regenerative braking cooperative control strategy was proposed by Jiweon for hybrid EVs equipped with a hydraulic brake on the rear wheels and an electronic wedge brake on the front wheels [11].Optimization and...

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“…The vehicles propelled only by the internal combustion engine (ICE) present some disadvantages like low energy efficiency, excessive harmful chemical emissions, high noise level and heavy dependence on a single fuel source [3]. The electric vehicles (EV) could be a solution but, until this moment, their present short driving range [4] combined with the long recharging period of theirs batteries postpones their widespread commercialization [5].…”

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Influence Study of Parallel Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion System Configurations

Eckert

Corrêa

Santiciolli

et al. 2015

Anais Do XXIII Simpósio Internacional De Engenharia Automotiva

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The hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) became an alternative to reduce the fuel consumption. The HEV parallel configuration consists of two separated drive systems, such as the engine/powertrain system and an extra electric motors (EMs) system. The addition of an extra electrical power changes the engine operation point and consequently the fuel consumption. However, there are many ways to introduce this electrical power source as a secondary drive system. In this paper, two parallel HEV configurations are studied in a condition where the conventional engine/powertrain system, coupled to the vehicle front wheels, is the main power source and two different configurations of EMs drive system, coupled to the rear wheels, are auxiliary power sources. The first one consists of two in-wheel motors coupled directly to the vehicle rear wheels and the other one is an EM coupled to a differential system similar to the existent in the conventional vehicle powertrain. The aim of this paper is to simulate and compare the HEV behavior with the conventional vehicle behavior, both of them running in the Brazilian urban drive cycle NBR6601, evaluating differences in performance, fuel consumption and battery discharging when applicable. INTRODUTIONThe increasing number of cars may be causing serious effects to the environment and to humans, such as pollution, global warming, depletion of oil reserves, among others The hybrid vehicles use different power sources with various powertrain configurations, including the ICE, electric motors (EMs), electric generators and battery packs [6]. In this paper are studied the hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) that are one of the solutions proposed to minimize problems associated with the energy crisis and global warming [3]. These vehicles consume less gasoline and emit less pollution than conventional vehicles without decreasing

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A control strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicles based on extremum seeking

Cited by 37 publications

References 31 publications

Extremum-Seeking Control of ABS Braking in Road Vehicles With Lateral Force Improvement

Extremum-Seeking Control of ABS Braking in Road Vehicles With Lateral Force Improvement

A Control Algorithm for the Novel Regenerative–Mechanical Coupled Brake System with by-Wire Based on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization for an Electric Vehicle

An Influence Study of Parallel Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion System Configurations

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