A Controllable Deflection Routing and Wavelength Assignment Algorithm in OBS Networks

Khumalo, Philani; Nleya, Bakhe

doi:10.1109/iconic.2018.8601303

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We also utilized the National Science Foundation (NSF) network topology and random graphs that consisted in varying the number of nodes up to a maximum of 1000 for further simulations. Ultimately, we compared the rDr scheme to existing similar OBS deflection schemes such as Shortest Path Deflection Routing (SPDR), the Reinforcement Learning-Based Alternative Approach (RLAR) [19], and the Reinforced Learning-Based Deflection Routing Scheme (RLDRS) proposed in [20]. Key notable QoS metrics of interest during the simulations were burst loss probabilities, end-to-end delays, and the number and frequency of deflections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Node-Regulated Deflection Routing Framework for Contention Minimization

Nleya

Mutsvangwa

2020

Journal of Computer Networks and Communications

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Optical Burst Switching (OBS) paradigm coupled with Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) has become a practical candidate solution for the next-generation optical backbone networks. In its practical deployment only the edge nodes are provisioned with buffering capabilities, whereas all interior (core) nodes remain buffer-less. In that way the implementation becomes quite simple as well as cost effective as there will be no need for optical buffers in the interior. However, the buffer-less nature of the interior nodes makes such networks prone to data burst contention occurrences that lead to a degradation in overall network performance as a result of sporadic heavy burst losses. Such drawbacks can be partly countered by appropriately dimensioning available network resources and reactively by way of deflecting excess as well as contending data bursts to available least-cost alternate paths. However, the deflected data bursts (traffic) must not cause network performance degradations in the deflection routes. Because minimizing contention occurrences is key to provisioning a consistent Quality of Service (QoS), we therefore in this paper propose and analyze a framework (scheme) that seeks to intelligently deflect traffic in the core network such that QoS degradations caused by contention occurrences are minimized. This is by way of regulated deflection routing (rDr) in which neural network agents are utilized in reinforcing the deflection route choices at core nodes. The framework primarily relies on both reactive and proactive regulated deflection routing approaches in order to prevent or resolve data burst contentions. Simulation results show that the scheme does effectively improve overall network performance when compared with existing contention resolution approaches. Notably, the scheme minimizes burst losses, end-to-end delays, frequency of contention occurrences, and burst deflections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is is further illustrated by the queuing model in Figure 5(a). As defined in [20], deflection path server #1 queue represents a deflection path that offers a QoS nearing that of the original path.…”

Section: E Proposed Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

A Node-Regulated Deflection Routing Framework for Contention Minimization

Nleya

Mutsvangwa

2020

Journal of Computer Networks and Communications

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“…The main problem in an OBS network is contention, which occurs due to the overlapping in-service time [18]. If cannot resolve the conflict, will drop the incoming burst.…”

Section: Contention Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Comparison of JIT and JET Protocols on the OBS Networks

Jamal

Zaiter

2022

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Over the past few years, internet traffic has been explosive growth due to users' need for more applications and services. All these developments on the internet need more bandwidth. The Optical Burst Switching (OBS) mechanism along with Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (WDM) technology is very useful in meeting the high bandwidth requirements. However, the OBS network uses a one-way resource reservation mechanism, as well as it is a buffer lack at the intermediate (core) node. Therefore, the OBS network depends on contention resolution mechanisms to achieve acceptable levels of performance. In this paper, the Deflection Routing (DR) mechanism is used to overcome contention. The performance of the OBS network has been estimated by executing Just-In-Time (JIT) and Just-Enough-Time (JET) signaling reservation protocols with the DR. NCTUns-6.0 simulator was employed to verify the performance of the OBS network based on two metrics: throughput and packets dropped in the network. The results show that the bandwidth resources utilization in the OBS network with JET and DR (OBS-JET-DR) is better than in the OBS network with JIT and DR (OBS-JIT-DR). However, the average number of packets dropped in OBS-JET-DR is less than OBS-JIT-DR by 21%. In addition, the throughput of OBS-JET-DR has increased by 4% compared with OBS-JIT-DR.

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“…OBS networks use WDM fiber links to interconnect between edge and core nodes. The WDM transport system has multiple wavelengths; each represents a separate channel for the Gb/s data rate, where such transport systems provide a data rate of up to 50 Tb/s [17]. However, to decrease the number of lightpaths and switching ports, WS is implemented with WDM, where many wavelengths are switched into a single waveband that can be switched via a single port [18].…”

Section: Fiber Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficient Waveband Translucent Optical Burst Switching Network

Sadiq

Zaiter

Chisab

2022

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The fast development of translucent Optical Burst Switching (OBS) technology, which employs multiple wavelengths per fiber, increases the size (i.e., the number of ports) as well as the cost and power consumption of Optic Cross-Connects (OXCs). This paper studies the impact of OBS network parameter settings, where switching is performed at the Waveband Switching (WS) granularity using an end-to-end grouping method to reduce the number of lightpaths and switch ports. The simulation results illustrate that using OBS networks with WS by the suitable parameter settings, namely the Burstification Time (BT) and waveband granularity, offers considerable energy savings in the core network compared to using an OBS network without WS, where overall power consumption is decreased by maximizing BT values and waveband granularity.

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A Controllable Deflection Routing and Wavelength Assignment Algorithm in OBS Networks

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

A Node-Regulated Deflection Routing Framework for Contention Minimization

A Node-Regulated Deflection Routing Framework for Contention Minimization

Performance Comparison of JIT and JET Protocols on the OBS Networks

Energy Efficient Waveband Translucent Optical Burst Switching Network

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