A controlled comparison of three very-low-calorie diets: effects on weight, body composition, and symptoms

Foster, Gary D.; Wadden, Thomas A.; Peterson, Francis J.; Letizia, Kathleen A.; Bartlett, Susan J.; Conill, Alicia

doi:10.1093/ajcn/55.4.811

Cited by 117 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These health profile changes can also offer an additional point of reference for measuring success in weight management programs. These findings mirror those of other studies that have used similar VLED weight control programs over 3-6 month periods, but with separate groups of male and female obese participants [17,18,22,24,29,30]. The magnitude of weight loss (~20-25kg+) and reduction in BMI (by 7-9 kg/m 2 ) found here with high compliance is similar to changes reported previously in male and female group data [18,29,30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Independent and dependent t tests were used, with signi-ficance accepted at p<0.05. Program compliance was defined as low if participants completed only weeks 1-12, medium (completion of weeks [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] or high (completion of weeks [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Odds ratios were calculated on each obesity class for participants who lost 15% or more of their initial body mass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common treatment for obesity is a very low energy diet (VLED) and these have been researched since the 1920's [19][20][21][22][23]. Studies utilising VLED's commonly report significant weight loss and improved cardiovascular risk factors [13,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies utilising VLED's commonly report significant weight loss and improved cardiovascular risk factors [13,23,24]. Clinical use of a VLED has usually been in small groups [19], with 70-80% of participants being females [22,24,26]. Usually, greater program compliance is associated with greater weight loss [18,24], and greater weight loss is associated with greater economic benefits [5,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Program compliance, weight loss and health profile changes in WHO obesity classes after very low energy dietary intervention

Wright¹,

Dawson²,

Jalleh³

et al. 2013

Glob Epidemi Obes

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Background: To assess program compliance, weight loss and health benefits in different WHO obesity classes (Class I: BMI 30-34.9; Class II: BMI 35.0-39.9; Class III: BMI 40+) after a very low energy diet intervention. Methods: Obese participants (n=1012) attending a private weight control clinic enrolled in a 26 week program. The first 12 weeks involved restricted energy intake (800 kcal/day), then gradual reintroduction of normal food (1200-1300 kcal/day), in conjunction with behaviour management. Body mass index (BMI), body mass, girths, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose were measured before, during and after the 26 week intervention. Low compliance was defined as completing only 1-12 weeks, medium compliance 13-20 weeks and high compliance 21-26 weeks of the program. Results: Overall, 52% of participants achieved high compliance. Greater compliance resulted in greater weight loss and health profile changes across all obesity classes. With high compliance, for Class I, II and III groups respectively, 79, 77 and 79% lost 15% or more of initial body mass. Class III participants had greater reductions in body mass and most measured health markers than Class I and II persons. Conclusion: Higher program compliance is associated with greater weight reduction and health profile benefits in all WHO obesity classes, with larger changes occurring in the Class III group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Program compliance, weight loss and health profile changes in WHO obesity classes after very low energy dietary intervention

Wright¹,

Dawson²,

Jalleh³

et al. 2013

Glob Epidemi Obes

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show abstract

“…This observation is consistent with a recent report which found no significant differences in weight loss between very-low-calorie diets supplying 420 kcal, 660 kcal, or 800 kcal. 29 The result could be explained by differences in diet compliance by subjects at the two calorie levels. However, the 22% loss of body mass by the subjects receiving 520 kcal/ groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gallbladder Emptying in Gallstone Formation During Diet–Induced Rapid Weight Loss

et al. 1996

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nized factors in cholesterol gallstone formation; bile which is Obese persons are at risk for cholesterol gallstones saturated with cholesterol is essential for crystals to form, because their bile is saturated with cholesterol. The risk nucleation factors can influence whether crystals form in satincreases during rapid weight loss by means of certain urated bile, and gallbladder stasis can allow crystal growth. very-low-calorie diets or gastric bypass surgery. GallObesity is associated with increased bile cholesterol secrestone risk factors during rapid weight loss include intion and saturation index. 6 Several studies suggest that bile creased bile cholesterol saturation index and gallbladsaturation index increases further during rapid weight der stasis. Obese subjects were randomized to one of two loss. 1,6,7 In one study, 10 subjects losing weight on a 1,000-low-calorie liquid diets for rapid weight loss: a 520-kcal kcal diet showed reduced output of all bile lipids, but 6 of the diet with less than 2 g fat/d, and a 900-kcal diet with 30 10 increased their bile saturation index. 6 On the other hand, g fat/d (including one 10-g fat meal to stimulate maximal several studies have reported decreased bile saturation index gallbladder emptying). Bile and blood lipids, saturation after 6 to 20 days of fasting. 8,9 Cholesterol may be mobilized index, leukocyte 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme from tissue stores to be secreted into bile during rapid weight A (HMG CoA) reductase activity, and ultrasonographic loss. 6 Decreased bile acid synthesis has also been detected gallbladder emptying were measured repeatedly during during diet-induced weight loss and fasting. 6,9,10 Thus, rapid dietary treatment. Both diets produced comparable weight loss may alter secretion of cholesterol and bile acids weight loss of 22%. Bile cholesterol saturation index inin a manner conducive to gallstone formation. creased during both diets (26%), but fell to 15% below Pro-and antinucleating proteins and mucins are described prediet level after weight loss. Compared with subjects' in gallbladder bile, and may predispose to gallstones. These maximal gallbladder emptying fraction of 66%, the 520-factors could change during rapid weight loss. Shortened kcal diet provided poor gallbladder emptying (35%), crystal nucleation time has been observed during very-lowwhereas the 10-g fat meal of the 900-kcal diet provided calorie liquid diets. 7 Mucin and calcium increased in gallbladmaximal emptying. Gallstones developed in four of six der bile of obese subjects forming gallstones after gastric by-520-kcal subjects and none of seven 900-kcal subjects (P pass. 11,12 Å .021), an unanticipated difference that resulted in preGallbladder emptying may also participate in gallstone formature study termination for ethical reasons. Blood lipmation. 13 Studies of meal-stimulated gallbladder emptying in ids and HMG CoA reductase activity in mononuclear leuobese subjects have given variable results. [14][15][16][17] We and others kocytes fell at week 8 durin...

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Very Low-Calorie Diets

Atkinson¹,

Dietz²,

Foreyt³

et al. 1993

JAMA

190

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A controlled comparison of three very-low-calorie diets: effects on weight, body composition, and symptoms

Cited by 117 publications

References 30 publications

Program compliance, weight loss and health profile changes in WHO obesity classes after very low energy dietary intervention

Program compliance, weight loss and health profile changes in WHO obesity classes after very low energy dietary intervention

The Role of Gallbladder Emptying in Gallstone Formation During Diet–Induced Rapid Weight Loss

Very Low-Calorie Diets

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