A Controlled Field Test of Surfactant‐Enhanced Aquifer Remediation

Fountain, John C.; Starr, Robert; Middleton, Thomas M.; Beikirch, Michael G.; Taylor, Craig; Hodge, Dennis S.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02085.x

Cited by 147 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus, pilot-scale chemical flushing and air sparging trials involving DNAPL source zones have yielded mixed results, and in a number of cases failed to reach desired clean up goals (e.g. Fountain et al 1996;AATDF 1997;Smith et al 1997) . Although under more controlled and homogeneous field conditions some chemical flushing field trials were far more successful (AATDF 1997;Jawitz et al 1998), in-situ flushing strategies cannot be expected to recover more than 80 to 90% of the contaminant mass even under ideal, pilot-scale field conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Assessment Tools for Evaluation of the Benefits of DNAPL Source Zone Treatment

Abriola¹,

Goovaerts²,

Pennell³

et al. 2008

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER REPORT DATE SEP 20082 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Tufts University PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release, distribution unlimited SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESThe original document contains color images. Prescribed by This report was prepared under contract to the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The publication of this report does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Department of Defense.iv Table of Our sincere thanks is extended to the members of the SERDP DNAPL Review Panel for their knowledge, insights and energy that helped keep us outcome focused and made this work stronger. We are also grateful to our Project Officers, for their invaluable assistance in financial management and most especially, helping us navigates the transfer of this contract to Tufts University. The SERDP staff has supported us in countless ways, always responding in a professional and cheerful manner. Our very special thanks are extended to Andrea Leeson and Jeff Marqusee, without whose vision and support this work would never have taken place. 1 Executive SummarySince its commencement in September 2002, SERDP Project ER-1293 has supported 4 doctoral students at three universities and resulted in over 40 conference proceedings/technical abstracts and over 20 peer-reviewed publications. These presentations and publications, as referenced in this final report, describe various aspects of the research investigations and tools that have been developed to enhance design and assessment of DNAPL source zone treatment. In general, research in ER-1293 has led to the devel...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Assessment Tools for Evaluation of the Benefits of DNAPL Source Zone Treatment

Abriola¹,

Goovaerts²,

Pennell³

et al. 2008

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show abstract

“…As a result, finding and quantifying the source area and then delivering remedial agents can be extremely challenging. This difficulty has contributed to the apparent failure of many of the DNAPL source removal technologies to achieve cleanup goals (10,(15)(16)(17). Even when sources can be located and accessed, the ability of source removal technologies to improve groundwater quality and reduce overall plume management costs is controversial (18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Nature Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Reviewed: Remediating Chlorinated Solvent Source Zones

Stroo¹,

Unger²,

Ward³

et al. 2003

Environ. Sci. Technol.

180

117

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“…Surfactants can be used to vastly increase the solubility of the contaminants in water, hence the potential for increasing the rate of DNAPL dissolution (Fountain et al, 1996). Surfactants also lower the interfacial tension (IFT) at the water-DNAPL interface which if sufficiently low will result in mobilizing the DNAPL (Fountain et al, 1991).…”

Section: Otivation and O Bjectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ characterizations of dense non-aqueous phase liquids using partitioning tracers. Annual progress report, September 15, 1996--September 14, 1997

Pope¹,

McKinney²,

Gupta³

et al. 1998

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This paper describes laboratory research conducted to investigate the use of partitioning tracers for the detection, volume estimation, and remediation performance assessment of vadose zones contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). These laboratory studies used Ottawa sand and field soil packed columns. The columns were saturated, then reduced to residual saturations of water and NAPL, creating a three phase system of air, water, and NAPL.Conservative and partitioning gas tracers were injected into the column and their elutions were analyzed. The method of moments was used to estimate partition coefficients between the air and NAPL phases for each of the tracers. The partition coefficients and retardation factors are used to select appropriate tracers for NAPL detection and volume estimation in the field. This research identified several perfluorocarbon tracers suitable for use in the field and demonstrated the feasibility of using partitioning tracers as a tool for NAPL detection and volume estimation in the vadose zone. INTRODUCTIONA widespread and recurring public health problem identified in recent years is the contamination of the subsurface by nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs) (NRC 1994).Contamination at numerous private, government, and industrial facilities is well-documented and is clearly a problem for communities and populations located near these sites.1 Nonaqueous-phase liquid contamination of the subsurface occurs as NAPLs migrate from the surface, where in the past they were typically disposed in unlined pits, through the vadose zone to the water table. The migration of the NAPL though the vadose zone leaves a trail or streak of NAPL held in the pore space by capillary forces and is defined as residual or immobile NAPL.As water percolates through a contaminated vadose zone, NAPLs and other contaminants dissolve in the mobile water and may be carried to the saturated zone as dissolved constituents. Previously clean aquifers may receive harmful doses of pollutants without the bulk of the contaminants ever reaching the saturated zone.In many cases, because of the potential adverse impact of vadose-zone contamination on water supplies, remediation of the vadose zone may be essential. However, to design an effective remediation of an area, a detailed description of the site is necessary. Thus, the first step in site remediation is characterization. Two current methods using core sampling or cone penetrometer testing, which depend upon laboratory analysis, are time-consuming and expensive. To improve the site characterization process, better methods of detecting NAPLs are necessary (EPA 1992).A potentially better characterization method utilizes a technology developed in the petroleum industry. This technology is the partitioning inter-well tracer test (PITT). Partitioning, both single-well and interwell, tracer tests have been used for years to character& liquid residuals in oil-and gas-saturated reservoirs (Cooke 1971, Deans 1971, Allison et al. 1991, Tang and Harker 1991a. In a PITT...

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A Controlled Field Test of Surfactant‐Enhanced Aquifer Remediation

Cited by 147 publications

References 12 publications

Development of Assessment Tools for Evaluation of the Benefits of DNAPL Source Zone Treatment

Development of Assessment Tools for Evaluation of the Benefits of DNAPL Source Zone Treatment

Peer Reviewed: Remediating Chlorinated Solvent Source Zones

In-situ characterizations of dense non-aqueous phase liquids using partitioning tracers. Annual progress report, September 15, 1996--September 14, 1997

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