A Controlled Study of Alprazolam and Propranolol in

Ravaris, C. Lewis; Friedman, Moran; Hauri, Peter; McHugo, Gregory J.

doi:10.1097/00004714-199112000-00003

Cited by 45 publications

(4 citation statements)

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Section: The Role Of the Sympathetic Nervous System In Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After a social defeat in Sprague Dawley rats, pretreatment with propranolol and nadolol increased the time spent in the lit area of a light/dark box (LDB) and in the open arms of an elevated plus maze (EPM) [29] that is considered an anxiolytic-like behavior. In clinical conditions, beta-blockers reduced anxiety symptoms in patients with panic disorder [30], specific phobias [31], social phobias [32] and PTSD [33]. During the stress reaction, neurohumoral systems including the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are activated, and free radical formation is enhanced.…”

Section: The Role Of the Sympathetic Nervous System In Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melatonin as a Potential Approach to Anxiety Treatment

Repova

Baka

Krajcirovicova

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Anxiety disorders are the most common mental diseases. Anxiety and the associated physical symptoms may disturb social and occupational life and increase the risk of somatic diseases. The pathophysiology of anxiety development is complex and involves alterations in stress hormone production, neurosignaling pathways or free radical production. The various manifestations of anxiety, its complex pathophysiological background and the side effects of available treatments underlie the quest for constantly seeking therapies for these conditions. Melatonin, an indolamine produced in the pineal gland and released into the blood on a nightly basis, has been demonstrated to exert anxiolytic action in animal experiments and different clinical conditions. This hormone influences a number of physiological actions either via specific melatonin receptors or by receptor-independent pleiotropic effects. The underlying pathomechanism of melatonin’s benefit in anxiety may reside in its sympatholytic action, interaction with the renin–angiotensin and glucocorticoid systems, modulation of interneuronal signaling and its extraordinary antioxidant and radical scavenging nature. Of importance, the concentration of this indolamine is significantly higher in cerebrospinal fluid than in the blood. Thus, ensuring sufficient melatonin production by reducing light pollution, which suppresses melatonin levels, may represent an endogenous neuroprotective and anxiolytic treatment. Since melatonin is freely available, economically undemanding and has limited side effects, it may be considered an additional or alternative treatment for various conditions associated with anxiety.

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Section: The Role Of the Sympathetic Nervous System In Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of the Sympathetic Nervous System In Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin as a Potential Approach to Anxiety Treatment

Repova

Baka

Krajcirovicova

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Propranolol is a first-line pharmacological treatment for ET, and although it is well known that it crosses the bloodbrain barrier [12], its precise effects on the central nervous system have not been fully described. Examples of its uses that involve modulation of the physiology of the central nervous system are the treatment of migraine [13], posttraumatic stress disorder [14], panic attacks [15], anxiety [16,17], schizophrenia [18], autism spectrum disorders [19] and ET [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Propranolol on Motor Cortex Excitability in Essential Tremor: An Exploratory Study

Miguel-Puga,

Villafuerte,

Treviño

et al. 2024

TOHM

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Background: Essential tremor, the world’s most prevalent movement disorder, lacks a clear understanding of its pathophysiology. Propranolol, a non-specific beta-blocker capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, is a primary choice for essential tremor treatment. While its tremor-reducing effects are generally attributed to peripheral actions, various uses hint at central adrenergic effects. Nevertheless, propranolol’s precise impact on the central nervous system in essential tremor subjects remains unexplored. Methods: In this study, we employed transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess the influence of propranolol on the excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) in patients with essential tremor, compared to an age- and sex-matched control group. Cortical excitability parameters were measured following placebo and propranolol administration, encompassing resting and active motor thresholds, motor evoked potential characteristics, cortical silent period, and the input/output curve. Results: Distinct effects were observed across the two cortical hemispheres. Essential tremor patients displayed inhibition of the left M1 cortex and heightened excitability in the right M1 cortex four hours after propranolol administration, but not following placebo. Conclusions: These findings suggest potential differential noradrenergic excitatory and inhibitory modulation. However, comprehensive understanding necessitates further investigations, including left-handed participants and more diverse essential tremor subpopulations. This study underscores the need for continued exploration to unravel propranolol’s complex effects on motor cortex excitability in essential tremor.

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“…In physiological fields, when corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which is released during stressful situations and is a critical mediator of the physiological responses to stress (Dunn and Berridge, 1990), was infused into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), the c-Fos expression increased in the CeA in RLA rats, but not in Roman high avoidance rats (Wiersma et al, 1998). Furthermore, beta-adrenergic receptor blockers effectively treat pathological avoidance behavior in patients with panic disorder and performance anxiety (Ravaris et al, 1991), which suggests that physiological differences may also be responsible for these distinct populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Window on the Study of Aversive Instrumental Learning: Strains, Performance, Neuroendocrine, and Immunologic Systems

Oliveira

Gouveia

Castro

et al. 2016

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The avoidance response is present in pathological anxiety and interferes with normal daily functions. The aim of this article is to shed light on performance markers of active avoidance (AA) using two different rat strains, Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar. Specifically, good and poor performers were evaluated regarding anxiety traits exhibited in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and corticosterone levels and motor activity in the open field test. In addition, the plasma levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1Beta (IL-1beta), Nerve Growth Factor Beta (NGF-beta), Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-alpha) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1) were compared in the good and poor performers to better understand the role of the immunologic system in aversive learning. Behavioral criteria were employed to identify subpopulations of SD and Wistar rats based on their behavioral scores during a two-way AA test. The animals were tested for anxiety-like behavior in the EPM and motor activity in the open-field test. Plasma corticosterone levels were measured at the end of the avoidance test. Cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-1beta, NGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and CINC-1 were measured in the plasma of the Wistar rats. Sixty-six percent of the Wistar rats and 35% of the SD rats exhibited a poor performance. This feature was associated with a decrease in anxiety-like behavior in the EPM. The poor and good performers exhibited lower levels of corticosterone compared with the control animals, which suggests that training alters corticosterone levels, thereby leading to hypocortisolism, independent of the performance. The CINC-1 levels were increased in the poor performers, which reinforces the role of immunologic system activation in learning deficits. Our study provides a better understanding of the complex interactions that underlie neuroimmune consequences and their implications for performance.

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A Controlled Study of Alprazolam and Propranolol in

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Melatonin as a Potential Approach to Anxiety Treatment

Melatonin as a Potential Approach to Anxiety Treatment

Effect of Propranolol on Motor Cortex Excitability in Essential Tremor: An Exploratory Study

A Window on the Study of Aversive Instrumental Learning: Strains, Performance, Neuroendocrine, and Immunologic Systems

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