A controlled study of the effect of oral penicillin G in the treatment of non-specific upper respiratory infections

Cronk, G. A.; Naumann, D; McDermott, Kimberly W.; Menter, P.; Swift, Margaret

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(54)90444-1

Cited by 36 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Several randomized, placebo‐controlled trials of antibiotic use have shown that antibiotics do not provide clinical benefit to children or adults with upper respiratory tract infections (Hoaglund et al 1950; Cronk et al 1954; Howie and Clark 1970; Stott and West 1976; Verheij, Hermans, and Mulder 1994; Kaiser et al 1996; Arroll 2005) and fail to prevent complicated bacterial infections (Gadomski 1993; Heikkinen et al 1995). Yet, 75 percent of oral antibiotics prescribed to ambulatory patients are for pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, common cold, and unspecified upper respiratory tract infection of likely viral etiology (McCaig and Hughes 1995), and 22–49 percent are estimated to be unnecessary (Kozyrskyj et al 2004; Cadieux et al 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Physician Billing Claims for Identifying Acute Respiratory Infections in Primary Care

Cadieux

Tamblyn

2008

Health Services Research

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Objective. To assess the accuracy of physician billing claims for identifying acute respiratory infections in primary care. Study Setting. Nine primary care physician practices in Montreal, Canada (2002-2005. Study Design. A validation study was carried out to compare diagnoses in 3,526 physician billing claims with diagnoses documented in the corresponding patient medical records. Data Collection. In-office medical record abstraction. Principal Findings. Claims had a high positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value, and specificity for identifying respiratory infections; however, their sensitivity was below 50 percent. Large variation in sensitivity and PPV was observed among physicians. Conclusions. Because claims data are now routinely used to monitor antibiotic prescribing in primary care, future research should determine if acute respiratory infection diagnoses are missing from claims at random, or if bias is present.

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confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Physician Billing Claims for Identifying Acute Respiratory Infections in Primary Care

Cadieux

Tamblyn

2008

Health Services Research

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“…A recent study in a Medicaid population showed that 60% of cases of acute nasopharyngitis (e.g., common cold) were treated with antibiotics (20). Unfortunately, controlled trials of antimicrobial treatment of URis have consistently demonstrated no benefit (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). In eight trials of antimicrobial treatment of URis six found no difference between the groups either in terms of improvement or complications.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Respiratory Infections and Acute Bronchitis

Mainous¹,

Hueston²

2001

Management of Antimicrobials in Infectious Diseases

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Upper respiratory infections include uncomplicated upper respiratory infections also known as the "common cold," acute otitis media, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and acute sinusitis. These conditions, along with acute bronchitis, are very common illnesses that are seen often in outpatient settings and are widely treated with antibiotics; in fact, they are the primary indications for outpatient antibiotic prescriptions. These conditions tend to have overlapping clinical characteristics, yet evidence regarding the utility of antimicrobial treatments varies across different infections. UNCOMPLICATED UPPER RESPIRATDRY INFECTION/COMMON COLD Clinical DescriptionUncomplicated upper respiratory infections (URis) are characterized by rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sneezing, sore or "scratchy" throat, and cough ( 1 ). The incubation period varies between 48 and 72 h. In some cases a low-grade fever is present, but temperature elevation in adults is rare. The early symptoms may be minimal and limited to malaise and nasal symptoms. The nasal discharge is initially clear and watery. There is a subsequent transition period where the nasal discharge becomes viscous, opaque, and discolored (white, yellow, green) (2). The color of the secretions is not predictive of a bacterial infection. The clinical presentation is similar in both adults and children. The episode tends to be self-limited. The median duration of a cold is 1 wk, with most patients improving by the 1Oth day, but lingering symptoms may last up to 2 wk. EpidemiologyURis, or the "common cold," are exactly as the name implies-common. URis are consistently one of the five most common diagnoses in ambulatory physician office visits (3-5). Adults have two to four URis annually and children in day care have as many as six or seven (6, 7). Although URis are mild, self-limited, and of short duration, they are a leading cause of acute morbidity and of industrial and school absenteeism (8). Each year, URis account for 170 million d of restricted activity, 23 million d of school absence, and 18 million d of work absence.

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“…Indeed, illness was prolonged slightly when the patients received penicillin. 26 Such prophylactic therapy, therefore, is ineffective and wasteful.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic Respiratory Diseases

Evans

1957

Postgraduate Medicine

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A controlled study of the effect of oral penicillin G in the treatment of non-specific upper respiratory infections

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Accuracy of Physician Billing Claims for Identifying Acute Respiratory Infections in Primary Care

Accuracy of Physician Billing Claims for Identifying Acute Respiratory Infections in Primary Care

Upper Respiratory Infections and Acute Bronchitis

Endemic Respiratory Diseases

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