The reaction of 4-amino-3-mercapto-5-phenyl-s-triazole with aromatic or aliphatic ketones containing active a-hydrogens as a methyl or methylene group using an acidified acetic acid method afforded the corresponding s-triazolo [3,4-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazines. In a similar way, applying the same reaction with cyclic ketones afforded the corresponding tricyclic compounds. Interaction of 4-amino-3-mercapto-5-phenyl-s-triazole with chloroacetonitrile under the same reaction conditions directly gave the cyclized 6-amino-s-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivative. On treatment of 4-amino-3-mercapto-5-phenyl-s-triazole with acetonitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate under the same reaction conditions, an s-triazolo [3,4-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazole derivative was obtained; the reaction carried out with malononitrile or cyanoacetamide gave an alternative s-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivative. The mechanism of the reactions was investigated and the structures of all new compounds were elucidated using IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and mass spectroscopic data, and elemental analyses.The importance of s-triazolo [3,4-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazines lies in their possession of antibacterial and antifungal activity. 1-5 These compounds have shown analgesic, 6 insecticidal, 7 antiviral, 8,9 antiparasitic, 10 diuretic, 11 antiinflammatory, 12 antitubercular, 9 anticancer 9,13,14 and antioxidant 15 activity. It has been reported that these compounds have marked antidepressant, 16 anthelmintic 17 and plant-growth-promoting effects. 18 The synthesis of s-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines by reacting either 4-amino-3-mercapto-s-triazoles 10,19-23 or 2-hydrazino-1,3,4-thiadiazines 24-26 as starting materials with a-halo carbonyl compounds has been reported. The disadvantages of these methods include the many steps, the long reaction times, the use of highly toxic and irritating halo carbonyl compounds, and the poor to moderate overall yields. Recently, we have reported the synthesis of triazolo[1,3,5]thiadiazines via a double Mannich reaction. 27,28 In the present work we report a facile synthesis of s-triazolo [3,4-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazines, using our method that we previously applied for the synthesis of thiazoloimidazoles 1 and thiazolotriazoles 2 (Figure 1), 29-32 in short reaction time and good reaction yields.As we have previously described, an acidified acetic acid method was generally applicable for the synthesis of various fused heterocyclic systems which had been found difficult to obtain. 29 The advantages of this method are short reaction time, one-pot reaction, direct use of ketones without the formation of highly toxic and irritating phenacyl bromides, ease of handling, very inexpensive materials and the ease of removal of the reaction waste by neutralization of the liquor with ammonium hydroxide. We believe that this reaction can be considered a clean reaction and environmentally safe. In this work, we have tried to generalize this reaction to be much more effective and applicable for the synthesis of many substituted fused heterocycles which...