A Coordinated Sampling and Identification Methodology for Larval Parasitoids of Spotted-Wing Drosophila

Abram, Paul K.; Wang, Xingeng; Hueppelsheuser, Tracy; Franklin, Michelle T.; Daane, Kent M; Lee, Jana C.; Lue, Chia‐Hua; Girod, Pierre; Carrillo, Juli; Wong, Warren H. L.; Kula, Robert R.; Gates, Michael W.; Hogg, Brian; Moffat, Chandra E.; Hoelmer, Kim A.; Sial, Ashfaq A; Buffington, Matthew L.

doi:10.1093/jee/toab237

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Similarly, the detection of the two Asian parasitoids of D. suzukii reported in the current study was greatly enhanced by communication and collaboration among scientists from the US, Canada, Europe, and Asia (Abram et al 2022b). Once the first North American detections were made in British Columbia, it was highly probable that they would also occur in the contiguous habitat across the border of the US in northwestern Washington.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Female and male wasp specimens from the live collection were tentatively identified as belonging to the Eucolinae (Figitidae) using an identification key for parasitoids associated with D. suzukii (Abram et al 2022b). Specimens were confirmed as G. brasiliensis (Fig.…”

Section: Fruit Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary goal of sequencing L. japonica was to confirm species identification, whereas the main goal of sequencing G. brasiliensis (which morphologically is more distinct from the native parasitoid fauna) was to determine their group (G1-G5). For reared wasps, whole specimens were first photographed to record the key characters (Abram et al 2022b), and then DNA was extracted from each wasp specimen's metasoma (preserving the head and mesosoma for diagnostic identification and vouchers) using a Qiagen DNeasy blood and tissue kit (Qiagen) following the manufacturer's protocol. For specimens collected in V. mandarinia traps, all legs were removed from the right side of the insect body and extracted in Chelex 100 resin in 30 µl volumes containing 10% Chelex, and 4% Protinase K (20 mg/mL) (for G. brasiliensis), or a Lucigen MasterPure kit (for L. japonica) following the manufacturer's protocol.…”

Section: Fruit Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First records of adventive populations of the parasitoids Ganaspis brasiliensis and Leptopilina japonica in the United States

Beers¹,

Beal²,

Smytheman³

et al. 2022

JHR

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We report the first known incidence of two parasitoid species of the invasive pest, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in the United States (US). The discovery of Ganaspis brasiliensis (Ihering) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) and Leptopilina japonica (Novković & Kimura) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) in northwestern Washington State (US) was made shortly after their discovery in nearby southwestern British Columbia (Canada), indicating that contiguous populations of these species are established in both countries. The first specimen of L. japonica from Washington was collected in the fall of 2020, when it was found in a rice wine/orange juice trap deployed to survey for Vespa mandarinia Smith (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Subsequent examination of trap contents from the 2020–2021 seasons indicated the presence of both L. japonica and G. brasiliensis. In September of 2021, live collections of both G. brasiliensis and L. japonica were made, reared from D. suzukii-infested Himalayan blackberry in Whatcom County, WA. Adult parasitoid identifications were based on morphology and COI DNA barcodes. All sequenced specimens to date from Washington and British Columbia belong to the G1 group of G. brasiliensis, the only group approved for release as a classical biological control agent in the US. This study provides an example of how even small changes in the geographic range of a natural enemy, now extending across an international border, may have significant consequences for the future of a biological control program.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Fruit Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fruit Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First records of adventive populations of the parasitoids Ganaspis brasiliensis and Leptopilina japonica in the United States

Beers¹,

Beal²,

Smytheman³

et al. 2022

JHR

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“…Thus, a future study may also expose target and non-target species in the same substrate and separate host pupae from the samples based on their morphology (e.g. as described by Abram et al 2022) to confirm host-parasitoid associations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-arena field cage releases of a candidate classical biological control agent for spotted wing drosophila suggest low risk to non-target species

et al. 2022

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Classical biological control, i.e., the introduction of natural enemies from an invasive pest’s area of origin, has been proposed repeatedly to control the spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii in the Americas and in Europe. Results from surveys in Asia and laboratory experiments suggest the parasitoid G1 Ganaspis cf. brasiliensis as a suitable biological control agent. To study the host specificity of the parasitoid under semi-field conditions, we conducted large-arena field cage releases. Parasitoids were released into cages at three dates in August 2021 in two regions of Switzerland. Released parasitoids had the choice to parasitize either D. suzukii larvae in fresh fruits (blueberries or elderberries) or the non-target native species D. melanogaster in decomposing fruits. The results were unequivocal in that apparent parasitism of D. suzukii larvae feeding in fresh fruits was on average 15%, whereas only one parasitoid emerged from D. melanogaster feeding on decomposing fruits (0.02% parasitism). Thus, the results support findings from previous laboratory experiments that G1 G. cf. brasiliensis is highly specific to D. suzukii larvae feeding in fresh fruits and parasitism of the closely related D. melanogaster feeding on decomposing fruits is very rare. Because in its invaded range, D. suzukii is the only Drosophila species that can attack and develop in undamaged fresh fruits, we conclude that open field releases of the parasitoid G1 G. cf. brasiliensis should not pose significant risks to non-targets.

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“…An Asian parasitoid, Ganaspis brasiliensis (von Ihering), has recently been approved for release in parts of North America and Europe (Abram et al, 2022). Future studies need to determine the compatibility of HOOK SWD with biological control efforts and how this technology can be implemented into current IPM programs to manage D. suzukii .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field, semi‐field and greenhouse testing of HOOK SWD, a SPLAT‐based attract‐and‐kill formulation to manage spotted‐wing drosophila

Urbaneja‐Bernat

Holdcraft

Hernández‐Cumplido

et al. 2022

J Applied Entomology

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Native to Southeast Asia, the spotted‐wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) has become a major pest of small fruit crops in the Americas and Europe because females can oviposit in ripening fruit. Currently, D. suzukii management relies heavily on chemical control; thus, more sustainable approaches like attract‐and‐kill need to be evaluated to reduce insecticide use. In previous studies, HOOK SWD, an attract‐and‐kill product that combines attractants, phagostimulants and an insecticide (spinosad), showed promise for D. suzukii control; still, little is known about its performance under field conditions and under varying pest and host‐fruit densities, as well as its residual activity. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of HOOK SWD when applied in commercial blueberry farms, when deployed in semifield cages under different D. suzukii adult and fruit densities and when aged for 30 days in the greenhouse. Results from field experiments showed that HOOK SWD could reduce fruit infestation in blueberry farms; however, its efficacy varied in space and time. Semifield cage studies revealed that relatively high densities of both D. suzukii adults and fruit can reduce the effectiveness of HOOK SWD, which might explain the variation in its efficacy in the field. Ageing HOOK SWD in a greenhouse for at least 30 days yielded no significant decrease in insecticidal activity. Altogether, these studies show that HOOK SWD can potentially suppress D. suzukii populations in the field, but it should be used as part of an integrated pest management program instead of a stand‐alone control tool, especially under high pest and fruit densities.

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A Coordinated Sampling and Identification Methodology for Larval Parasitoids of Spotted-Wing Drosophila

Cited by 32 publications

References 87 publications

First records of adventive populations of the parasitoids Ganaspis brasiliensis and Leptopilina japonica in the United States

First records of adventive populations of the parasitoids Ganaspis brasiliensis and Leptopilina japonica in the United States

Large-arena field cage releases of a candidate classical biological control agent for spotted wing drosophila suggest low risk to non-target species

Field, semi‐field and greenhouse testing of HOOK SWD, a SPLAT‐based attract‐and‐kill formulation to manage spotted‐wing drosophila

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