A Coordinated Voltage–Frequency Support Scheme for Storage Systems Connected to Distribution Grids

Charalambous, Anastasis; Hadjidemetriou, Lenos; Kyriakides, Elias; Polycarpou, Marios M.

doi:10.1109/tpel.2020.3046030

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A synchronization scheme [8] is responsible to estimate the phase angle (θ) οf the grid voltage vector (vg) to enable the proper injection of the produced power to the grid in a synchronized manner. A current controller [10] ensures the accurate current injection according to the reference currents (idq * ) provided by the PQ controller. The PQ controller [10] is responsible to manage the overall operation of the DER considering the priority of each operational mode.…”

Section: B Frequency Support By Distributed Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A current controller [10] ensures the accurate current injection according to the reference currents (idq * ) provided by the PQ controller. The PQ controller [10] is responsible to manage the overall operation of the DER considering the priority of each operational mode. The voltage support unit has the highest priority when a voltage sag event occurs, in order to enable the Fault Ride Through (FRT) operation of the inverter and support the grid voltage by regulating the reactive power (QFRT) injection.…”

Section: B Frequency Support By Distributed Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model is initially developed in MATLAB/Simulink and proper modifications have been applied according to the Artemis Library modules to run in a real time simulator (OPAL-RT 5707) as a real time digital twin of a power system. In this power system, wind farms, virtual PMUs and inverter-based DERs [10] are added as shown in Fig. 4 to emulate the operation of a modern inertia system.…”

Section: A System Description and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in case of a DER based on an energy storage system (ESS), upward flexibility is available, and therefore, the inverter controller can be modified to provide frequency support services. This can be achieved either by adding external support functions, such as droop control and virtual inertial, to the control loop of grid-following inverters [9], [10], or by revising the inverter controller towards the gridforming [11] or virtual synchronous generator [12] approach. In all these cases, the inverter mimics the behavior of a synchronous generator and tries to naturally respond to frequency deviations according to a droop control loop and to react against Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) by incorporating the swing equation of conventional generators in the outer loop of the controller.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wide Area Control of Distributed Resources through 5G Communication to Provide Frequency Support

Hadjidemetriou

Akrytov

Kyriakou

et al. 2022

2022 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)

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Towards the green transition of modern power systems, a massive deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs) based on renewable sources is required. These DERs are grid integrated through power electronics converters which reduce the commitment of synchronous generators and as a result, the overall inertia of the system. Maintaining the frequency stability in such low-inertia power systems is a crucial aspect for the system operators; therefore, local control schemes are integrated with conventional generators and DERs to ensure fast reaction in case of frequency disturbances so as to preserve system stability. Existing practices for maintaining the frequency stability rely on the response of a local governor controller integrated with the synchronous generators. Some new approaches introduce frequency support services by DERs, by considering the droop control and virtual inertia concept within the inverter local controller. In another approach, wide area control schemes can also be utilized to further enhance the system stability. Such a wide area control scheme is introduced in this work to coordinate the operation of DERs through 5G communication for enabling fast frequency support services. Due to the fast dynamics of a power system, a reliable and highspeed communication is particularly important for the deployment of the proposed method. Therefore, an experimental hardware in the loop setup has been developed to investigate how the communication performance can affect the stability of the power system. Moreover, a benchmarking is implemented to evaluate the frequency stability when local controllers are providing support and when the proposed wide area controller is applied under a different communication infrastructure. Experimental results demonstrate that when a reliable 5G network is used, then a significant stability improvement can be achieved by the proposed wide area controller.

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Section: B Frequency Support By Distributed Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Frequency Support By Distributed Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A System Description and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Wide Area Control of Distributed Resources through 5G Communication to Provide Frequency Support

Hadjidemetriou

Akrytov

Kyriakou

et al. 2022

2022 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)

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“…Recently the German Grid Code was modified to also include a requirement for negative sequence current support [8]. Inverters are also required to maintain a balance across services provided as described in [14].…”

Section: B Fault Contribution From Ibrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground Directional Protection Assesment in Inverter Dominated Distribution Networks

Frangeskou

Hadjidemetriou

Asprou

et al. 2022

2022 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe)

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Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) are challenging traditional line protection systems, that have been designed and developed over the years considering the fault characteristics of synchronous generator dominated power systems. The response of IBRs under faults is mainly driven by the inverter control design that can vary across different manufacturers. This study focuses in assessing the performance of negative and zero sequence voltage polarized ground directional elements in a Medium Voltage (MV) distribution grid with increased penetration of Photovoltaic (PV) systems. A system has been developed, modelling a part of a distribution grid and utilizing detailed ElecrtoMagnetic Transient (EMT) models to emulate the behavior of IBRs. The design of the substation protection scheme includes an 11 kV blocking scheme employing ground directional elements. The system is simulated in a real time environment and Hardware In the Loop (HIL) tests are performed with actual protection relays utilizing the industry standard IEC 61850 protocol for the communications. The performance of the blocking scheme is examined under different configuration scenarios, with the results indicating that under certain conditions, with heavy IBR fault contributions, the protection scheme is impacted negatively.

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Real-time co-simulation of transmission and distribution networks integrated with distributed energy resources for frequency and voltage support

et al. 2023

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A Coordinated Voltage–Frequency Support Scheme for Storage Systems Connected to Distribution Grids

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Wide Area Control of Distributed Resources through 5G Communication to Provide Frequency Support

Wide Area Control of Distributed Resources through 5G Communication to Provide Frequency Support

Ground Directional Protection Assesment in Inverter Dominated Distribution Networks

Real-time co-simulation of transmission and distribution networks integrated with distributed energy resources for frequency and voltage support

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