A copper–trimesic acid metal–organic framework incorporated sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) based polymer electrolyte membrane for direct methanol fuel cells

Abstract

A copper–trimesic acid (Cu–TMA) metal–organic framework incorporated in sPEEK shows restricted methanol crossover in DMFCs.

Proton exchange composite membranes comprisingSiO2, sulfonatedSiO2, and metal–organic frameworks loaded inSPEEKpolymer for fuel cell applications

“…The water uptake, IEC, and swelling ratio of membrane samples were summarized in Table 1. The neat membrane water uptake was found to be is 27%, which is similar to as reported in the literature 50 . In the case of SPEEK/MOF‐5, water uptake (24%) was slightly increased due to the porous structure of MOF‐5 that enhances the migration of protons along the membrane surface.…”

“…Methanol permeability plays a significant role in determining the membrane efficiency against the transport of methanol‐type fuels from the anode side towards the cathode side. Methanol crossover leads to fuel loss and generates the mixed potential that impacts fuel cell performance 50 . The methanol permeability of the membranes was presented in Figure 14.…”

“…The neat membrane water uptake was found to be is 27%, which is similar to as reported in the literature. 50 In the case of SPEEK/MOF-5, water uptake (24%) was slightly increased due to the porous structure of MOF-5 that enhances the migration of protons along the membrane surface. The SPEEK/S-SiO 2 membrane also has higher water uptake (35%) than other synthesized membranes due to the formation of hydrogen bonding between the sulphonyl group and the water molecule.…”

Improving the performance of sulfonated polymer membrane by using sulfonic acid functionalized hetero‐metallic metal‐organic framework for DMFC applications

“…Nevertheless, several protons conducting MOF were used to improve the properties of Nafion and other polymer membranes, Zirconium (Zr) based MOF (especially UiO‐66‐SO 3 H) displayed better proton conductivity and stability . The presence of sulfonic acid group on UiO‐66‐SO 3 H can furnish more proton‐conducting channel to the membrane by absorbing water at the interface between the MOF and polymer .…”

New series of organic–inorganic polymer nanocomposite membranes for fuel cell applications

“…1 –3 Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been widely used in automotive, stationary, and portable power sources because of its high conversion efficiency and low emission of pollutants. 4,5 Nafion ® , a well-known perfluorinated polymer, is used as an electrolyte for PEMFC application because of its high proton conductivity, good mechanical strength, and excellent thermal and oxidative stability. 6 –9 However, the major hindrance in using this membrane for device application and commercialization is that it should be more hydrophilic and a few other limitations in the operating temperature range.…”